Kosinska Marta Krystyna, Ludwig Taryn E, Liebisch Gerhard, Zhang Ruiyan, Siebert Hans-Christian, Wilhelm Jochen, Kaesser Ulrich, Dettmeyer Reinhard B, Klein Heiko, Ishaque Bernd, Rickert Markus, Schmitz Gerd, Schmidt Tannin A, Steinmeyer Juergen
Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopedics, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.
Faculty of Kinesiology & Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
PLoS One. 2015 May 1;10(5):e0125192. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125192. eCollection 2015.
Hyaluronic acid (HA), lubricin, and phospholipid species (PLs) contribute independently or together to the boundary lubrication of articular joints that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). Our study is the first reporting quantitative data about the molecular weight (MW) forms of HA, lubricin, and PLs in SF from cohorts of healthy donors, patients with early (eOA)- or late (lOA)-stage osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
We used human SF from unaffected controls, eOA, lOA, and RA. HA and lubricin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PLs was quantified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Fatty acids (FAs) were analyzed by gas chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry. The MW distribution of HA was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Compared with control SF, the concentrations of HA and lubricin were lower in OA and RA SF, whereas those of PLs were higher in OA and RA SF. Moreover, the MW distribution of HA shifted toward the lower ranges in OA and RA SF. We noted distinct alterations between cohorts in the relative distribution of PLs and the degree of FA saturation and chain lengths of FAs.
The levels, composition, and MW distribution of all currently known lubricants in SF--HA, lubricin, PLs--vary with joint disease and stage of OA. Our study is the first delivering a comprehensive view about all joint lubricants during health and widespread joint diseases. Thus, we provide the framework to develop new optimal compounded lubricants to reduce joint destruction.
透明质酸（HA）、润滑素和磷脂种类（PLs）单独或共同作用于由滑液（SF）提供的关节边界润滑。我们的研究首次报告了来自健康供体队列、早期（eOA）或晚期（lOA）骨关节炎（OA）患者以及活动性类风湿关节炎（RA）患者的滑液中HA、润滑素和PLs分子量（MW）形式的定量数据。
我们使用了来自未受影响的对照组、eOA、lOA和RA患者的人体滑液。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法测量HA和润滑素水平。通过电喷雾电离串联质谱法定量PLs。通过气相色谱结合质谱法分析脂肪酸（FAs）。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳确定HA的MW分布。
与对照滑液相比，OA和RA滑液中HA和润滑素的浓度较低，而OA和RA滑液中PLs的浓度较高。此外，OA和RA滑液中HA的MW分布向较低范围偏移。我们注意到不同队列之间PLs的相对分布以及FAs的饱和度和链长程度存在明显差异。
滑液中所有目前已知的润滑剂——HA、润滑素、PLs——的水平、组成和MW分布随关节疾病和OA阶段而变化。我们的研究首次全面展示了健康和广泛关节疾病期间所有关节润滑剂的情况。因此，我们提供了开发新型最佳复合润滑剂以减少关节破坏的框架。
