Abiy Ephrem, Gebre-Michael Teshome, Balkew Meshesha, Medhin Girmay
The Carter Center Ethiopia, North Wollo Zone Health Department, Malaria and Trachoma project office, PO Box 69, Woldia, Northeast Amhara region, Ethiopia.
Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Malar J. 2015 May 3;14:187. doi: 10.1186/s12936-015-0705-4.
In Ethiopia, Anopheles arabiensis is the main vector responsible for the transmission of malaria in the country and its control mainly involves application of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs).
Although the role of repellents for reducing man-vector contact is documented in the literature, the response of An. arabiensis to repellents was not previously evaluated under field conditions in Ethiopia.
The trial was conducted in Sodere village assessing the repellent activities of four repellents, of which, two of them were commercially available DEET (N, N-diethyl-1,3-methylbenzamide) and MyggA (p-methane diol) and the other two were laboratory- produced, 20% neem oil and 20% chinaberry oil. A 6 by 6 Latin square design was employed by involving six volunteers who received rotated treatments of repellents and the Ethiopian Niger seed, noog abyssinia (Guizotia abyssinia), and locally called as noog oil (diluents to the two plant oils). Each volunteer also served as control. Volunteers were positioned at a distance of 20-40 m from each other and each was treated with one of the repellents, Niger seed/noog/ oil or untreated. Landing mosquitoes were collected from dusk to down using tests tubes. The tests were done in three replicates.
Both DEET and MyggA provided more than 96% protection. The mean protection time for DEET was 8 hrs while the time for MyggA was 6 hrs. Protection obtained from neem oil and chinaberry oil was almost similar (more than 70%), however, the complete protection time for neem was 3 hrs, while that of chinaberry oil was one hour.
The commercial products and laboratory-produced repellents can be utilized by individuals to avoid contact with An. arabiensis in Ethiopia.
在埃塞俄比亚，阿拉伯按蚊是该国疟疾传播的主要媒介，对其控制主要涉及室内滞留喷洒（IRS）和使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐（ITN）。
尽管文献中记载了驱避剂在减少人与媒介接触方面的作用，但此前未在埃塞俄比亚的野外条件下评估阿拉伯按蚊对驱避剂的反应。
该试验在索德雷村进行，评估四种驱避剂的驱避活性，其中两种是市售的避蚊胺（N，N - 二乙基 - 1，3 - 甲基苯甲酰胺）和MyggA（对孟二醇），另外两种是实验室生产的20%印楝油和20%楝树油。采用6×6拉丁方设计，让六名志愿者接受驱避剂与埃塞俄比亚尼日尔种子、诺格阿比西尼亚（Guizotia abyssinia）以及当地称为诺格油（两种植物油的稀释剂）的轮换处理。每位志愿者也作为对照。志愿者彼此相距20 - 40米，每人用一种驱避剂、尼日尔种子/诺格/油处理或不处理。从黄昏到天黑用试管收集着陆的蚊子。试验进行了三次重复。
避蚊胺和MyggA都提供了超过96%的防护。避蚊胺的平均防护时间为8小时，而MyggA的时间为6小时。从印楝油和楝树油获得的防护几乎相似（超过70%），然而，印楝的完全防护时间为3小时，而楝树油为1小时。
在埃塞俄比亚，个人可使用市售产品和实验室生产的驱避剂来避免与阿拉伯按蚊接触。
