Nestel Paul, Clifton Peter, Colquhoun David, Noakes Manny, Mori Trevor A, Sullivan David, Thomas Beth
Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic Australia.
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia.
Heart Lung Circ. 2015 Aug;24(8):769-79. doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.03.020. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
The National Heart Foundation of Australia (NHFA) 2008 review on omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) made recommendations with respect to supplementation for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Since then, new findings have been published regarding the relationship between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including supplementation, and cardiovascular health.
A literature search was undertaken in PubMed and Medline, for literature published between January 1, 2007 and August 31, 2013.
A total of eight research questions were developed and, using the National Health and Medical Research Council's evidence assessment framework, conclusions were made in relation to dietary intake of fish and omega-3 LCPUFA for cardiovascular health. In the evidence published since 2007, this summary of evidence concludes that dietary intake of fish was found to be mostly consistent with respect to protection from heart disease and stroke. Higher fish intake was associated with lower incident rates of heart failure in addition to lower sudden cardiac death, stroke and myocardial infarction. In relation to omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation, neither a beneficial nor adverse effect was demonstrated in primary or secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Although the evidence continues to be positive for the role of omega-3 LCPUFA in the treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia and a modest positive benefit in heart failure. No further evidence was found to support the consumption of 2g alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)/day over the current Australian guidelines for 1 g/day.
澳大利亚国家心脏基金会（NHFA）2008年对ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）进行的综述就其在心血管疾病一级和二级预防中的补充应用提出了建议。自那时以来，已发表了有关ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（包括补充剂）与心血管健康之间关系的新发现。
在PubMed和Medline中检索了2007年1月1日至2013年8月31日期间发表的文献。
共提出了八个研究问题，并使用澳大利亚国家卫生与医学研究委员会的证据评估框架，就鱼类和ω-3 LCPUFA的饮食摄入对心血管健康的影响得出了结论。在2007年以来发表的证据中，本证据总结得出，鱼类的饮食摄入在预防心脏病和中风方面大多是一致的。较高的鱼类摄入量除了能降低心脏性猝死、中风和心肌梗死的发生率外，还与较低的心力衰竭发生率相关。关于ω-3 LCPUFA补充剂，在冠心病（CHD）的一级或二级预防中未显示出有益或有害作用。尽管有证据继续表明ω-3 LCPUFA在治疗高甘油三酯血症方面具有积极作用，且对心力衰竭有一定程度的积极益处。但未发现进一步的证据支持超过澳大利亚现行指南中每天1克的摄入量而摄入2克α-亚麻酸（ALA）。
