Gajewski Patrick D, Falkenstein Michael
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
Neuropsychologia. 2015 Jul;73:195-207. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.031. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
Aging is accompanied by compromised executive control. Training studies point to beneficial effects of physical activity on executive functions. Here, we investigate the relationship between lifelong habitual physical activity (about 50 years) and switch ability in healthy seniors. Participants switched among three tasks in a memorized task sequence. Mixing costs for speed were lower in habitually active than low active participants whereas switch costs were not affected. Active participants revealed also lower mixing and switch costs for accuracy. These parameters were negatively correlated with the self-reported level of physical activity. The frontal CNV was smaller in the active than low active group. In contrast, in the target-locked ERPs active individuals showed an earlier P2, a larger frontocentral N2 and the typical pattern of smaller P3b in switch than non-switch trials relative to low-active individuals. These data suggest that lifelong physical activity is associated with faster recall of stimulus-response sets (P2), enhanced response selection during interference processing (N2) and working memory updating (P3b) leading to lower mixing and switch costs.
衰老伴随着执行控制能力的下降。训练研究表明体育活动对执行功能有有益影响。在此，我们研究健康老年人终身习惯性体育活动（约50年）与转换能力之间的关系。参与者在记忆的任务序列中在三个任务之间进行切换。习惯性活跃参与者的速度混合成本低于低活跃参与者，而转换成本不受影响。活跃参与者在准确性方面的混合和转换成本也较低。这些参数与自我报告的体育活动水平呈负相关。活跃组的额叶关联性负变比低活跃组小。相比之下，在目标锁定的事件相关电位中，相对于低活跃个体，活跃个体在转换试验中比非转换试验表现出更早的P2、更大的额中央N2以及典型的较小P3b模式。这些数据表明，终身体育活动与更快地回忆刺激-反应集（P2）、在干扰处理过程中增强反应选择（N2）和工作记忆更新（P3b）相关，从而导致更低的混合和转换成本。
