Rodriguez Norma, Flores Thomas, Flores Ramon T, Myers Hector F, Vriesema Christine Calderon
Department of Psychology, Pitzer College.
Department of Psychology, California State University.
Psychol Assess. 2015 Dec;27(4):1438-51. doi: 10.1037/pas0000125. Epub 2015 May 4.
The Multidimensional Acculturative Stress Inventory (MASI), a 36-item measure that assesses acculturative stress among people of Mexican origin living in the United States, was tested on 331 adolescent (14-20 years of age) high school students (204 female, 127 male) of Mexican origin. Exploratory factor analyses yielded 4 factors: bicultural practices conflict (9 items), Spanish competency pressures (8 items), English competency pressures (8 items), and bicultural self-consciousness (2 items). These factors accounted for 59.5% of the variance and correlated in the expected directions with criterion measures of acculturation and the Psychological General Well-Being Schedule. Bicultural practices conflict and bicultural self-consciousness emerged as the first and fourth factors for adolescents, which differed from the last 2 factors observed in a previous study of adults by Rodriguez, Myers, Mira, Flores, and Garcia-Hernandez (2002)--pressure to acculturate and pressure against acculturation. Comparisons of the MASI factor structures between adolescents and adults also revealed that English competency pressures and Spanish competency pressures played a prominent role for both adolescents in this study and adults in the study by Rodriguez et al. (2002). The congruence and difference in factor structure of the MASI between adolescents and adults indicates that both groups experience acculturative stress because of English- and Spanish-language competency pressures, but adolescents differentially experience difficulties in negotiating between American and Latino practices and identities. The results highlight the importance of assessing acculturative stress from both Latino and American culture and recognizing the varying levels of these sources of acculturative stress by generation.
多维文化适应压力量表（MASI）是一项包含36个条目的测量工具，用于评估居住在美国的墨西哥裔人群的文化适应压力。该量表在331名14至20岁的墨西哥裔青少年高中生（204名女性，127名男性）中进行了测试。探索性因素分析得出了4个因素：双文化实践冲突（9个条目）、西班牙语能力压力（8个条目）、英语能力压力（8个条目）和双文化自我意识（2个条目）。这些因素解释了59.5%的方差变异，并与文化适应的标准测量指标以及心理总体幸福感量表在预期方向上相关。双文化实践冲突和双文化自我意识在青少年中分别成为第一和第四个因素，这与罗德里格斯、迈尔斯、米拉、弗洛雷斯和加西亚 - 埃尔南德斯（2002年）之前对成年人的研究中观察到的最后两个因素不同——文化适应压力和反文化适应压力。青少年和成年人之间MASI因素结构的比较还表明，英语能力压力和西班牙语能力压力在本研究中的青少年以及罗德里格斯等人（2002年）研究中的成年人中都发挥了突出作用。青少年和成年人之间MASI因素结构的一致性和差异表明，两组人都因英语和西班牙语语言能力压力而经历文化适应压力，但青少年在协调美国和拉丁裔实践及身份认同方面存在不同程度的困难。研究结果强调了从拉丁裔和美国文化两个角度评估文化适应压力以及认识到不同代际文化适应压力来源的不同程度的重要性。
