Alessio L, Apostoli P, Ferioli A, Di Sipio I, Mussi I, Rigosa C, Albertini A
Med Lav. 1989 Jul-Aug;80(4):290-300.
The authors present the results of toxicological studies on aluminium from 1983 to 1988. In order to obtain reference values for serum and urine aluminium, 506 healthy adults, not occupationally exposed to the metal, residing in the Brescia area were studied. The following values were obtained: AlS = 5.8 +/- 2.9 micrograms/l; AlU 11.9 +/- 4.3 micrograms/l. The AlU and AlS values did not differ in relation to age, sex, alcohol consumption, smoking habits and residence, contrary to what has been found for some metals determined in the urine and/or blood of the same subjects. In a group of 227 subjects with occupational exposure to aluminium within the range 0.1-1.0 mg/m3, the mean levels of AlU were higher than that of the reference population; however the AlU of the workers were generally lower than 20 micrograms/l which is the upper limit for the reference population; 4 workers who were under treatment with antiacid preparations showed AlU values higher than 150 micrograms/l. Seven workers exposed to atmospheric aluminium concentrations around the TLV-TWA had higher AlU values at the end of their shift on all working days and on Friday morning the values where higher than those encountered on Monday morning. On the other hand no daily and weekly fluctuations were evident for AlS. For 14 workers the relationship between AlU and AlS values were examined in three subsequent periods after the start of working activity. Considering the same values of AlU, it was observed that the AlS increased with the duration of exposure. These results seem to indicate that AlU could be considered as indicator of current exposure and AlS as an indicator of cumulative exposure. Neuroendocrine tests were performed every 6 months in 21 workers after they had been hired. PRL and TSH values were reduced after 1 year of work and were still reduced 6 months later. Further analyses showed a different behaviour: in fact the levels of the two hormones rose above the reference values, while the HGH and other gonadotropins showed no alterations. These results seem to indicate that at the start of exposure to aluminium concentrations below TLV-TWA there is an effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. This phenomenon is probably transient perhaps because of an adaptation mechanism. Further studies are however necessary to verify these results.
作者展示了1983年至1988年期间铝的毒理学研究结果。为了获得血清和尿液中铝的参考值，对居住在布雷西亚地区的506名未从事铝职业暴露的健康成年人进行了研究。得到了以下数值：血清铝（AlS）=5.8±2.9微克/升；尿铝（AlU）=11.9±4.3微克/升。AlU和AlS值在年龄、性别、饮酒量、吸烟习惯和居住地点方面没有差异，这与在同一受试者尿液和/或血液中检测到的一些金属情况不同。在一组227名职业性接触铝浓度范围为0.1 - 1.0毫克/立方米的受试者中，AlU的平均水平高于参考人群；然而，工人的AlU一般低于20微克/升，这是参考人群的上限；4名正在接受抗酸制剂治疗的工人AlU值高于150微克/升。7名接触的大气铝浓度接近阈限值（时间加权平均浓度，TLV - TWA）的工人在所有工作日下班时AlU值较高，且周五上午的值高于周一上午的值。另一方面，AlS没有明显的每日和每周波动。对于14名工人，在开始工作活动后的三个连续时间段内检查了AlU和AlS值之间的关系。考虑到相同的AlU值，观察到AlS随着暴露时间的延长而增加。这些结果似乎表明，AlU可被视为当前暴露的指标，而AlS可作为累积暴露的指标。在21名工人入职后每6个月进行一次神经内分泌测试。工作1年后催乳素（PRL）和促甲状腺激素（TSH）值降低，6个月后仍降低。进一步分析显示出不同的情况：实际上，这两种激素的水平上升至高于参考值，而生长激素（HGH）和其他促性腺激素没有变化。这些结果似乎表明，在开始接触低于TLV - TWA的铝浓度时，下丘脑 - 垂体轴会受到影响。这种现象可能是短暂的，也许是由于一种适应机制。然而，需要进一步研究来验证这些结果。
