Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia.
School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia.
Chest. 2015 May;147(5):1422-1428. doi: 10.1378/chest.14-1949.
OSA is a common yet underdiagnosed respiratory disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep. OSA results in sleep fragmentation and repetitive hypoxemia and is associated with a variety of adverse consequences including excessive daytime sleepiness, reduced quality of life, cardiovascular disease, decreased learning skills, and neurocognitive impairment. Neurocognitive impairments that have been linked to poor sleep include memory deficits, decreased learning skills, inability to concentrate, and decreased alertness. Furthermore, the societal and economic costs of OSA are substantial; for example, patients with OSA have a significantly greater risk of motor vehicle crashes, consume more health-care resources, and have associated annual costs in the billions of dollars per year. It is increasingly recognized that OSA may also have substantial economic consequences. Specifically, there is accumulating evidence implicating OSA as an important contributor to work disability (including absenteeism, presenteeism) and work-related injuries. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge in these two areas.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种常见但未被充分诊断的呼吸障碍，其特征是睡眠期间上呼吸道反复阻塞。OSA 导致睡眠碎片化和反复缺氧，并与多种不良后果相关，包括日间嗜睡、生活质量下降、心血管疾病、学习能力下降和神经认知障碍。与睡眠不佳相关的神经认知障碍包括记忆缺陷、学习能力下降、注意力不集中和警觉性下降。此外，OSA 的社会和经济成本巨大；例如，OSA 患者发生机动车事故的风险显著增加，消耗更多的医疗保健资源，每年的相关费用达数十亿美元。人们越来越认识到 OSA 也可能产生重大的经济后果。具体而言，越来越多的证据表明 OSA 是导致工作能力丧失（包括旷工、出勤）和与工作相关的伤害的一个重要因素。这篇综述总结了这两个领域的现有知识状况。
