Taketani Natália Franco, Taketani Rodrigo Gouvêa, Leite Selma Gomes Ferreira, Rizzo Andrea Camardella de Lima, Tsai Siu Mui, da Cunha Cláudia Duarte
Biochemistry Department, Chemistry School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015 Jul;31(7):1127-35. doi: 10.1007/s11274-015-1862-x. Epub 2015 May 5.
Large petrochemical discharges are responsible for organic and inorganic pollutants in the environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of nickel, one of the most abundant inorganic element in crude oil and the main component of hydrogen catalysts for oil refining, on the microbial community structure in artificially petroleum-contaminated microcosms and in solid phase bioreactor studies. In the presence of metals, the oil biodegradation in microcosms was significantly delayed during the first 7 days of operation. Also, increasing amounts of moisture generated a positive influence on the biodegradation processes. The oil concentration, exhibiting the most negative influence at the end of the treatment period. Molecular fingerprinting analyses (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis--DGGE) indicated that the inclusion of nickel into the contaminated soil promoted direct changes to the microbial community structure. By the end of the experiments, the results of the total petroleum hydrocarbons removal in the bioreactor and the microcosm were similar, but reductions in the treatment times were observed with the bioreactor experiments. An analysis of the microbial community structure by DGGE using various markers showed distinct behaviors between two treatments containing high nickel concentrations. The main conclusion of this study was that Nickel promotes a significant delay in oil biodegradation, despite having only a minor effect over the microbial community.
大型石化排放物是环境中有机和无机污染物的来源。本研究的目的是评估镍（原油中含量最丰富的无机元素之一，也是炼油用氢催化剂的主要成分）对人工石油污染微观世界及固相生物反应器研究中微生物群落结构的影响。在有金属存在的情况下，微观世界中的石油生物降解在运行的前7天显著延迟。此外，水分增加对生物降解过程产生了积极影响。在处理期结束时，油浓度显示出最负面的影响。分子指纹分析（变性梯度凝胶电泳——DGGE）表明，向受污染土壤中添加镍促使微生物群落结构发生直接变化。到实验结束时，生物反应器和微观世界中石油烃总量去除的结果相似，但生物反应器实验观察到处理时间有所缩短。使用各种标记物通过DGGE对微生物群落结构进行分析，结果显示含高镍浓度的两种处理之间存在明显差异。本研究的主要结论是，镍虽对微生物群落影响较小，但会显著延迟石油生物降解。
