Thompson Dennis F, Walker Cheri K
College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, Oklahoma.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, Oklahoma.
Pharmacotherapy. 2015 Jun;35(6):551-9. doi: 10.1002/phar.1586. Epub 2015 May 4.
The discipline of bibliometrics involves the application of mathematical and statistical methods to scholarly publications. The first attempts at systematic data collection were provided by Alfred Lotka and Samuel Bradford, who subsequently established the foundational laws of bibliometrics. Eugene Garfield ushered in the modern era of bibliometrics with the routine use of citation analysis and systematized processing. Key elements of bibliometric analysis include database coverage, consistency and accuracy of the data, data fields, search options, and analysis and use of metrics. A number of bibliometric applications are currently being used in medical science and health care. Bibliometric parameters and indexes may be increasingly used by grant funding sources as measures of research success. Universities may build benchmarking standards from bibliometric data to determine academic achievement through promotion and tenure guidelines in the future. This article reviews the history, definition, laws, and elements of bibliometric principles and provides examples of bibliometric applications to the broader health care community. To accomplish this, the Medline (1966-2014) and Web of Science (1945-2014) databases were searched to identify relevant articles; select articles were also cross-referenced. Articles selected were those that provided background, history, descriptive analysis, and application of bibliometric principles and metrics to medical science and health care. No attempt was made to cover all areas exhaustively; rather, key articles were chosen that illustrate bibliometric concepts and enhance the reader's knowledge. It is important that faculty and researchers understand the limitations and appropriate uses of bibliometric data. Bibliometrics has considerable potential as a research area for health care scientists and practitioners that can be used to discover new information about academic trends, pharmacotherapy, disease, and broader health sciences trends.
文献计量学学科涉及将数学和统计方法应用于学术出版物。阿尔弗雷德·洛特卡和塞缪尔·布拉德福德首次尝试进行系统的数据收集，随后他们确立了文献计量学的基本定律。尤金·加菲尔德通过常规使用引文分析和系统化处理开创了文献计量学的现代时代。文献计量分析的关键要素包括数据库覆盖范围、数据的一致性和准确性、数据字段、搜索选项以及指标的分析和使用。目前，许多文献计量学应用正在医学和医疗保健领域得到使用。拨款资助机构可能会越来越多地将文献计量参数和指标用作衡量研究成功与否的标准。大学可能会根据文献计量数据制定基准标准，以便在未来通过晋升和终身教职指导方针来确定学术成就。本文回顾了文献计量学原理的历史、定义、定律和要素，并提供了文献计量学在更广泛的医疗保健领域应用的实例。为了实现这一目标，我们检索了Medline（1966 - 2014年）和Web of Science（1945 - 2014年）数据库以识别相关文章；还对所选文章进行了交叉引用。所选文章是那些提供了文献计量学原理和指标在医学和医疗保健领域的背景、历史、描述性分析及应用的文章。我们并未试图详尽涵盖所有领域；而是选择了能阐释文献计量学概念并增进读者知识的关键文章。教师和研究人员了解文献计量数据的局限性及恰当用途非常重要。文献计量学作为医疗保健科学家和从业者的一个研究领域具有相当大的潜力，可用于发现有关学术趋势、药物治疗、疾病及更广泛的健康科学趋势的新信息。
