A systematic review of the latest progress of drug resistance and clinical application of immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma in the past five years based on bibliometrics.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), an aggressive form of kidney cancer resistant to chemotherapy, encounters challenges from immunotherapy resistance and low response rates. Employing bibliometric tools (VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Bibliometrix), this study analyzed 2020-2024 research on RCC immunotherapy resistance, identifying prominent authors, journals, and trends. Guo Jianming, Wang Jiajun, and Wang Ying are prolific collaborators, whilst Moon, James J. leads in influence. Significant research emphasis PD-1 blockage, autophagy, and B-cell immunity, while emerging trends highlight "biomarkers" and "combination therapy" as critical frontiers to tackling resistance mechanisms. The analysis underscores the necessity for predictive biomarkers and combinatorial strategies to overcome resistance, establishing a framework for advancing RCC treatment and optimizing patient outcomes.