Lee Kiyoung, Hwang Yunhyung, Hahn Ellen J, Bratset Hilarie, Robertson Heather, Rayens Mary Kay
a Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2015 May;65(5):624-7. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2015.1006376.
The objective was to determine secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure with and without smoke-free laws in urban and rural communities. The research hypothesis was that SHS exposure in public places could be improved by smoke-free law regardless of urban and rural status. Indoor air quality in hospitality venues was assessed in 53 communities (16 urban and 37 rural) before smoke-free laws; 12 communities passed smoke-free laws during the study period. Real-time measurements of particulate matter with 2.5 µm aerodynamic diameter or smaller (PM2.5) were taken 657 times from 586 distinct venues; about 71 venues had both pre- and post-law measurements. Predictors of log-transformed PM2.5 level were determined using multilevel modeling. With covariates of county-level percent minority population, percent with at least high school education, adult smoking rate, and venue-level smoker density, indoor air quality was associated with smoke-free policy status and venue type and their interaction. The geometric means for restaurants, bars, and other public places in communities without smoke-free policies were 22, 63, and 25 times higher than in those with smoke-free laws, respectively. Indoor air quality was not associated with urban status of venue, and none of the interactions involving urban status were significant. SHS exposure in public places did not differ by urban/rural status. Indoor air quality was associated with smoke-free law status and venue type.
This study analyzed 657 measurements of indoor PM2.5 level in 53 communities in Kentucky, USA. Although indoor air quality in public places was associated with smoke-free policy status and venue type, it did not differ by urban and rural status. The finding supports the idea that population in rural communities can be protected with smoke-free policy. Therefore, it is critical to implement smoke-free policy in rural communities as well as urban areas.
目的是确定在有无无烟法律的情况下，城乡社区二手烟（SHS）的暴露情况。研究假设是，无论城乡状况如何，无烟法律都能改善公共场所的二手烟暴露情况。在无烟法律实施之前，对53个社区（16个城市社区和37个农村社区）的公共场所室内空气质量进行了评估；在研究期间，有12个社区通过了无烟法律。从586个不同场所进行了657次对空气动力学直径为2.5微米或更小的颗粒物（PM2.5）的实时测量；约71个场所进行了法律实施前后的测量。使用多水平模型确定了经对数转换的PM2.5水平的预测因素。在考虑县级少数民族人口百分比、至少受过高中教育的人口百分比、成年人吸烟率和场所层面吸烟者密度等协变量的情况下，室内空气质量与无烟政策状况、场所类型及其相互作用有关。在没有无烟政策的社区中，餐厅、酒吧和其他公共场所的几何平均浓度分别比有无烟法律的社区高22倍、63倍和25倍。室内空气质量与场所的城市状况无关，且涉及城市状况的相互作用均不显著。公共场所的二手烟暴露在城乡状况方面没有差异。室内空气质量与无烟法律状况和场所类型有关。
本研究分析了美国肯塔基州53个社区657次室内PM2.5水平的测量结果。虽然公共场所的室内空气质量与无烟政策状况和场所类型有关，但在城乡状况方面没有差异。这一发现支持了农村社区人口可通过无烟政策得到保护的观点。因此，在农村社区以及城市地区实施无烟政策至关重要。
