Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.
Nat Nanotechnol. 2015 May;10(5):391-402. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.90.
Metal-halide perovskites are crystalline materials originally developed out of scientific curiosity. Unexpectedly, solar cells incorporating these perovskites are rapidly emerging as serious contenders to rival the leading photovoltaic technologies. Power conversion efficiencies have jumped from 3% to over 20% in just four years of academic research. Here, we review the rapid progress in perovskite solar cells, as well as their promising use in light-emitting devices. In particular, we describe the broad tunability and fabrication methods of these materials, the current understanding of the operation of state-of-the-art solar cells and we highlight the properties that have delivered light-emitting diodes and lasers. We discuss key thermal and operational stability challenges facing perovskites, and give an outlook of future research avenues that might bring perovskite technology to commercialization.
金属卤化物钙钛矿是最初出于科学好奇心而开发的结晶材料。出乎意料的是，掺入这些钙钛矿的太阳能电池迅速成为与领先的光伏技术相抗衡的有力竞争者。在短短四年的学术研究中，能量转换效率从 3%跃升至 20%以上。在这里，我们回顾了钙钛矿太阳能电池的快速发展，以及它们在发光器件中的应用前景。特别是，我们描述了这些材料的广泛可调性和制造方法，以及对最先进的太阳能电池的工作原理的理解，并强调了促成发光二极管和激光器的特性。我们讨论了钙钛矿面临的关键热和操作稳定性挑战，并展望了未来可能将钙钛矿技术商业化的研究途径。
