Xavier Joana M, Rodrigues Cecília M P, Solá Susana
Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Neuroscientist. 2016 Aug;22(4):346-58. doi: 10.1177/1073858415585472. Epub 2015 May 6.
Mitochondria are organelles derived from primitive symbiosis between archeon ancestors and prokaryotic α-proteobacteria species, which lost the capacity of synthetizing most proteins encoded the bacterial DNA, along the evolutionary process of eukaryotes. Nowadays, mitochondria are constituted by small circular mitochondrial DNA of 16 kb, responsible for the control of several proteins, including polypeptides of the electron transport chain. Throughout evolution, these organelles acquired the capacity of regulating energy production and metabolism, thus becoming central modulators of cell fate. In fact, mitochondria are crucial for a variety of cellular processes, including adenosine triphosphate production by oxidative phosphorylation, intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and also cellular specialization in a variety of tissues that ultimately relies on specific mitochondrial specialization and maturation. In this review, we discuss recent evidence extending the importance of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism to the context of neuronal development and adult neurogenesis.
线粒体是古菌祖先与原核α-变形细菌物种之间原始共生产生的细胞器，在真核生物的进化过程中，它们失去了合成大多数细菌DNA编码蛋白质的能力。如今，线粒体由16 kb的小型环状线粒体DNA构成，负责调控多种蛋白质，包括电子传递链的多肽。在整个进化过程中，这些细胞器获得了调节能量产生和代谢的能力，从而成为细胞命运的核心调节因子。事实上，线粒体对于多种细胞过程至关重要，包括通过氧化磷酸化产生三磷酸腺苷、细胞内钙离子稳态、活性氧的产生，以及多种组织中的细胞特化，而这些最终都依赖于特定的线粒体特化和成熟。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近的证据，这些证据将线粒体功能和能量代谢的重要性扩展到了神经元发育和成年神经发生的背景下。
