Piccinelli Claudia, Clerici Carlo Alfredo, Veneroni Laura, Ferrari Andrea, Proserpio Tullio
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan - Italy.
Tumori. 2015 Sep-Oct;101(5):491-500. doi: 10.5301/tj.5000349. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
Research on the topic of hope began a long time ago but, more recently, interest in this construct has focused mainly on the development of psychometric tools for its assessment. The 2 steps of the present article are defining the construct of hope by completing a preliminary review of the literature and analyzing the tools used to assess hope in the setting of oncologic medicine, conducting a systematic review of the existing scientific literature.
Our study was conducted in 2 stages. The first stage involved a nonsystematic preliminary review of the literature, the second a systematic search in all the medical journals contained in the Medline database as of 2012. The literature identified at the first stage was divided according to several topical categories, i.e., theoretical, empirical, and clinical works on the construct of hope. In the second systematic search, we identified the main psychometric tools used to measure hope in the field of clinical oncology and assessed their validity.
A total of 22 articles were identified. What emerged when we pooled the findings of our 2 lines of research was that, despite its broad theoretical definitions, the construct of hope can be broken down to a few constituent elements when hope is studied using currently available psychometric tools. In particular, these identified constituent elements were coping, spiritual well-being, quality of life, distress, and depression.
The factors contained in the construct of hope include temporality, future, expectancy, motivation, and interconnectedness. The review of the scientific literature does not reveal a clear definition of hope. Multidisciplinary studies are needed to communicate different perspectives (medical, psychological, spiritual, theological) among each other for better definition of the constituent elements of hope in order to support the hope with specific interventions.
希望这一主题的研究始于很久以前，但最近，对这一概念的兴趣主要集中在开发用于评估它的心理测量工具上。本文的两个步骤是：通过完成文献的初步综述并分析肿瘤医学环境中用于评估希望的工具，对希望的概念进行定义，对现有科学文献进行系统综述。
我们的研究分两个阶段进行。第一阶段包括对文献的非系统性初步综述，第二阶段是对截至2012年Medline数据库中所有医学期刊进行系统性检索。在第一阶段确定的文献根据几个主题类别进行划分，即关于希望概念的理论、实证和临床著作。在第二次系统性检索中，我们确定了临床肿瘤学领域用于测量希望的主要心理测量工具并评估了它们的有效性。
共识别出22篇文章。当我们汇总两条研究路线的结果时发现，尽管希望的概念有广泛的理论定义，但使用当前可用的心理测量工具研究希望时，它可以分解为几个构成要素。特别是，这些确定的构成要素是应对、精神健康、生活质量、痛苦和抑郁。
希望概念中包含的因素包括时间性、未来、预期、动机和相互联系。科学文献综述并未揭示希望的明确定义。需要进行多学科研究，以便在医学、心理学、精神、神学等不同视角之间进行交流，从而更好地定义希望的构成要素，以便通过具体干预来支持希望。
