Lowe John J, Hewlett Angela L, Iwen Peter C, Smith Philip W, Gibbs Shawn G
a Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health ; University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health ; Omaha , NE ; USA 68198-5110.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2015 Sep;12(9):D211-D215. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1043058. Epub 2015 May 8.
The ability to decontaminate a room potentially containing the Ebola virus is important to healthcare facilities in the United States. Ebola virus remains viable in body fluids, a room that has housed a patient with Ebola virus disease must have all surfaces manually wiped with an approved disinfectant, which increases occupational exposure risk. This study evaluated the efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide inactivation of bacterial organisms in blood as Ebola virus surrogates and as the organisms used by the Nebraska Biocontainment Unit to provide the margin of safety for decontamination. Bacillus anthracis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Mycobacterium smegmatis blood suspensions that were exposed to ClO gas concentrations and exposure limits. The log reduction in Colony Forming Units (CFU) was determined for each bacterial blood suspension. Exposure parameters approximating industry practices for ClO environmental decontamination (360ppm concentration to 780 ppm-hrs exposure, 65% relative humidity) as well as parameters exceeding current practice (1116 ppm concentration to 1400 ppm-hrs exposure; 1342ppm concentration to 1487 ppm-hrs exposure) were evaluated. Complete inactivation was not achieved for any of the bacterial blood suspensions tested. Reductions were observed in concentrations of B. anthracis spores (1.3 -3.76 log) and E. faecalis vegetative cells (1.3 log) whereas significant reductions in vegetative cell concentrations for E. coli and M. smegmatis blood suspensions were not achieved. Our results showed that bacteria in the presence of blood were not inactivated using gaseous ClO decontamination. ClO decontamination alone should not be used for Ebola virus, but decontamination processes should first include manual wiping of potentially contaminated blood; especially for microorganisms as infectious as the Ebola virus.
对于美国的医疗机构而言，对可能存在埃博拉病毒的房间进行消毒的能力至关重要。埃博拉病毒在体液中仍具活性，曾收治过埃博拉病毒病患者的房间必须使用经批准的消毒剂对所有表面进行人工擦拭，这增加了职业暴露风险。本研究评估了气态二氧化氯对血液中作为埃博拉病毒替代物的细菌以及内布拉斯加生物遏制单元用于提供消毒安全边际的细菌的灭活效果。将炭疽芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌和耻垢分枝杆菌的血液悬液暴露于二氧化氯气体浓度和暴露限值下。测定每种细菌血液悬液的菌落形成单位（CFU）对数减少量。评估了接近二氧化氯环境消毒行业规范的暴露参数（浓度360ppm至暴露780ppm - 小时，相对湿度65%）以及超过当前规范的参数（浓度1116ppm至暴露1400ppm - 小时；浓度1342ppm至暴露1487ppm - 小时）。在所测试的任何细菌血液悬液中均未实现完全灭活。观察到炭疽芽孢杆菌孢子浓度有所降低（1.3 - 3.76对数），粪肠球菌活菌浓度降低了1.3对数，而大肠杆菌和耻垢分枝杆菌血液悬液的活菌浓度未实现显著降低。我们的结果表明，使用气态二氧化氯消毒无法灭活血液中的细菌。仅使用二氧化氯消毒不应应用于埃博拉病毒，消毒过程应首先包括对可能被污染的血液进行人工擦拭；尤其是对于像埃博拉病毒这样具有传染性的微生物。
