Zhang Kefeng, Randelovic Anja, Aguiar Larissa M, Page Declan, McCarthy David T, Deletic Ana
Monash Water for Liveability, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
PLoS One. 2015 May 8;10(5):e0125979. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125979. eCollection 2015.
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) systems are frequently used as part of a stormwater harvesting treatment trains (e.g. biofilters (bio-retentions and rain-gardens) and wetlands). However, validation frameworks for such systems do not exist, limiting their adoption for end-uses such as drinking water. The first stage in the validation framework is pre-validation, which prepares information for further validation monitoring.
A pre-validation roadmap, consisting of five steps, is suggested in this paper. Detailed methods for investigating target micropollutants in stormwater, and determining challenge conditions for biofilters and wetlands, are provided.
A literature review was undertaken to identify and quantify micropollutants in stormwater. MUSIC V5.1 was utilized to simulate the behaviour of the systems based on 30-year rainfall data in three distinct climate zones; outputs were evaluated to identify the threshold of operational variables, including length of dry periods (LDPs) and volume of water treated per event.
The paper highlights that a number of micropollutants were found in stormwater at levels above various worldwide drinking water guidelines (eight pesticides, benzene, benzo(a)pyrene, pentachlorophenol, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate and a total of polychlorinated biphenyls). The 95th percentile LDPs was exponentially related to system design area while the 5th percentile length of dry periods remained within short durations (i.e. 2-8 hours). 95th percentile volume of water treated per event was exponentially related to system design area as a percentage of an impervious catchment area.
The out-comings of this study show that pre-validation could be completed through a roadmap consisting of a series of steps; this will help in the validation of stormwater treatment systems.
水敏感城市设计（WSUD）系统常被用作雨水收集处理流程的一部分（例如生物滤池（生物滞留池和雨水花园）和湿地）。然而，此类系统不存在验证框架，限制了它们在诸如饮用水等最终用途中的应用。验证框架的第一阶段是预验证，它为进一步的验证监测准备信息。
本文提出了一个由五个步骤组成的预验证路线图。提供了调查雨水中目标微污染物以及确定生物滤池和湿地挑战条件的详细方法。
进行文献综述以识别和量化雨水中的微污染物。利用MUSIC V5.1基于三个不同气候区30年的降雨数据来模拟系统行为；对输出结果进行评估以确定运行变量的阈值，包括干旱期长度（LDPs）和每次事件处理的水量。
本文强调在雨水中发现了多种微污染物，其含量高于世界各地的各种饮用水准则（八种农药、苯、苯并(a)芘、五氯苯酚、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯以及多氯联苯总量）。第95百分位数的干旱期长度与系统设计面积呈指数关系，而第5百分位数的干旱期长度保持在较短时长内（即2 - 8小时）。第95百分位数的每次事件处理水量与作为不透水集水区面积百分比的系统设计面积呈指数关系。
本研究结果表明，预验证可以通过一系列步骤组成的路线图来完成；这将有助于雨水处理系统的验证。
