Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada.
J Anxiety Disord. 2015 Jun;33:8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.04.003. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
There is a growing interest in the role of distress tolerance (i.e., the capacity to withstand negative emotions) in the onset and maintenance of anxiety. However, both empirical and theoretical knowledge regarding the role of distress tolerance in the anxiety disorders is relatively under examined. Accumulating evidence supports the relationship between difficulties tolerating distress and anxiety in nonclinical populations; however, very few studies have investigated distress tolerance in participants with diagnosed anxiety disorders. Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder with and without agoraphobia (PD/A) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) completed measures of distress tolerance (DT), conceptually related measures (i.e., anxiety sensitivity (AS), intolerance of uncertainty (IU)), and anxiety symptom severity. Results showed that DT was negatively associated with AS and IU. DT was correlated with GAD, SAD and OCD symptoms, but not PD/A symptoms, in individuals with those respective anxiety disorders. DT was no longer a significant predictor of OCD or anxiety disorder symptom severity when AS and IU were also taken into account. There were no between group differences on DT across OCD and the anxiety disorder groups. Implications for the role of distress tolerance in anxiety pathology are discussed.
人们越来越关注苦恼承受能力（即承受负面情绪的能力）在焦虑症的发生和维持中的作用。然而，关于苦恼承受能力在焦虑症中的作用的实证和理论知识相对较少。越来越多的证据支持在非临床人群中，苦恼承受困难与焦虑之间的关系；但是，很少有研究调查患有诊断性焦虑症的参与者的苦恼承受能力。患有社交焦虑症（SAD）、广泛性焦虑症（GAD）、有或没有广场恐惧症的惊恐障碍（PD/A）和强迫症（OCD）的个体完成了苦恼承受能力（DT）、概念上相关的测量（即焦虑敏感性（AS）、不确定性容忍度（IU））和焦虑症状严重程度的测量。结果表明，DT 与 AS 和 IU 呈负相关。在患有这些特定焦虑症的个体中，DT 与 GAD、SAD 和 OCD 症状相关，但与 PD/A 症状无关。当同时考虑 AS 和 IU 时，DT 不再是 OCD 或焦虑症症状严重程度的重要预测因素。在 OCD 和焦虑症组之间，DT 没有组间差异。讨论了苦恼承受能力在焦虑症病理中的作用。
