Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Jun 6;16(6):e0010501. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010501. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Information on the insecticide resistance profiles of Aedes aegypti in Indonesia is fragmentary because of the lack of wide-area insecticide resistance surveillance. We collected Ae. aegypti from 32 districts and regencies in 27 Indonesian provinces and used WHO bioassays to evaluate their resistance to deltamethrin, permethrin, bendiocarb, and pirimiphos-methyl. To determine the possible resistance mechanisms of Ae. aegypti, synergism tests were conducted using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioates (DEF). The Ae. aegypti from all locations exhibited various levels of resistance to pyrethroids. Their resistance ratio (RR50) to permethrin and deltamethrin ranged from 4.08× to 127× and from 4.37× to 72.20×, respectively. In contrast with the findings of other studies, most strains from the highly urbanized cities on the island of Java (i.e., Banten, Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Yogyakarta, and Surabaya) exhibited low to moderate resistance to pyrethroids. By contrast, the strains collected from the less populated Kalimantan region exhibited very high resistance to pyrethroids. The possible reasons are discussed herein. Low levels of resistance to bendiocarb (RR50, 1.24-6.46×) and pirimiphos-methyl (RR50, 1.01-2.70×) were observed in all tested strains, regardless of locality. PBO and DEF synergists significantly increased the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to permethrin and deltamethrin and reduced their resistance ratio to less than 16×. The synergism tests suggested the major involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and esterases in conferring pyrethroid resistance. On the basis of our results, we proposed a 6-month rotation of insecticides (deltamethrin + synergists ➝ bendiocarb ➝ permethrin + synergists ➝ pirimiphos-methyl) and the use of an insecticide mixture containing pyrethroid and pyrimiphos-methyl to control Ae. aegypti populations and overcome the challenge of widespread Ae. aegypti resistance to pyrethroid in Indonesia.
关于印度尼西亚埃及伊蚊的杀虫剂抗药性概况的信息是零散的，因为缺乏广泛的杀虫剂抗药性监测。我们从印度尼西亚 27 个省的 32 个区和县收集了埃及伊蚊，并使用世界卫生组织生物测定法来评估它们对溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯、丙硫克百威和吡虫啉的抗药性。为了确定埃及伊蚊可能的抗药性机制，我们使用增效醚（PBO）和 S，S，S-三丁基膦酸三硫酯（DEF）进行了增效作用测试。来自所有地点的埃及伊蚊对拟除虫菊酯表现出不同程度的抗性。它们对氯菊酯和溴氰菊酯的抗性比值（RR50）分别为 4.08×至 127×和 4.37×至 72.20×。与其他研究的结果相反，爪哇岛上人口稠密的城市（即万丹、雅加达、万隆、三宝垄、日惹和泗水）的大多数菌株对拟除虫菊酯表现出低至中度的抗性。相比之下，从人口较少的加里曼丹地区采集的菌株对拟除虫菊酯表现出非常高的抗性。本文讨论了可能的原因。所有测试菌株对丙硫克百威（RR50，1.24-6.46×）和吡虫啉（RR50，1.01-2.70×）的低水平抗性。增效醚和 DEF 增效剂显著提高了埃及伊蚊对氯菊酯和溴氰菊酯的敏感性，并将其抗性比值降低至 16 倍以下。增效作用测试表明细胞色素 P450 单加氧酶和酯酶主要参与了拟除虫菊酯的抗性。根据我们的结果，我们提出了一种为期 6 个月的杀虫剂轮换方案（溴氰菊酯+增效剂➝丙硫克百威➝氯菊酯+增效剂➝吡虫啉），并使用含有拟除虫菊酯和吡虫啉的杀虫剂混合物来控制埃及伊蚊种群，克服印度尼西亚埃及伊蚊对拟除虫菊酯广泛耐药的挑战。
