Andrade Vanessa da Costa, Zampieri Bruna Del Busso, Ballesteros Eliete Rodrigues, Pinto Aline Bartelochi, de Oliveira Ana Julia Fernandes Cardoso
Campus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Avenida 24A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
Environ Monit Assess. 2015 Jun;187(6):342. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4573-8. Epub 2015 May 12.
Bacterial resistance is a rising problem all over the world. Many studies have showed that beach sands can contain higher concentration of microorganisms and represent a risk to public health. This paper aims to evaluate the densities and resistance to antimicrobials of Escherichia coli strains, isolated from seawater and samples. The hypothesis is that microorganisms show higher densities in contaminated beach sands and more antimicrobial resistance than the water column. Density, distribution, and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria E. coli were evaluate in seawater and sands from two recreational beaches with different levels of pollution. At the beach with higher degree of pollution (Gonzaguinha), water samples presented the highest densities of E. coli; however, higher frequency of resistant strains was observe in wet sand (71.9 %). Resistance to a larger number of antimicrobial groups was observe in water (betalactamics, aminoglycosides, macrolides, rifampicins, and tetracyclines) and sand (betagalactamics and aminoglycosids). In water samples, highest frequencies of resistance were obtain against ampicilin (22.5 %), streptomycin (15.0 %), and rifampicin (15.0 %), while in sand, the highest frequencies were observe in relation to ampicilin (36.25 %) and streptomycin (23.52 %). At the less polluted beach, Ilha Porchat, highest densities of E. coli and higher frequency of resistance were obtain in wet and dry sand (53.7 and 53.8 %, respectively) compared to water (50 %). Antimicrobial resistance in strains isolated from water and sand only occurred against betalactamics (ampicilin and amoxicilin plus clavulanic acid). The frequency and variability of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials in marine recreational waters and sands were related to the degree of fecal contamination in this environment. These results show that water and sands from beaches with a high index of fecal contamination of human origin may be potential sources of contamination by pathogens and contribute to the dissemination of bacterial resistance.
细菌耐药性是全球范围内日益严重的问题。许多研究表明，海滩沙子可能含有更高浓度的微生物，对公众健康构成风险。本文旨在评估从海水和样本中分离出的大肠杆菌菌株的密度及对抗菌药物的耐药性。假设是微生物在受污染的海滩沙子中比水柱中表现出更高的密度和更强的抗菌耐药性。对来自两个污染程度不同的休闲海滩的海水和沙子中的大肠杆菌的密度、分布及抗菌耐药性进行了评估。在污染程度较高的海滩（贡扎古伊尼亚），水样中大肠杆菌密度最高；然而，在湿沙中观察到耐药菌株的频率更高（71.9%）。在水中（β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、大环内酯类、利福霉素类和四环素类）和沙子中（β-半乳糖苷类和氨基糖苷类）观察到对更多抗菌药物组的耐药性。在水样中，对氨苄西林（22.5%）、链霉素（15.0%）和利福平（15.0%）的耐药频率最高，而在沙子中，与氨苄西林（36.25%）和链霉素（23.52%）相关的耐药频率最高。在污染程度较低的伊尔哈·波尔查特海滩，与水（50%）相比，在湿沙和干沙中获得了最高的大肠杆菌密度和更高的耐药频率（分别为53.7%和53.8%）。从水和沙子中分离出的菌株的抗菌耐药性仅针对β-内酰胺类（氨苄西林和阿莫西林加克拉维酸）。海洋休闲水域和沙子中细菌对抗菌药物的耐药频率和变异性与该环境中的粪便污染程度有关。这些结果表明，来自人类粪便污染指数高的海滩的水和沙子可能是病原体污染的潜在来源，并有助于细菌耐药性的传播。
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