Lammertink Imme, Casillas Marisa, Benders Titia, Post Brechtje, Fikkert Paula
Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Language and Cognition Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2015 Apr 24;6:495. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00495. eCollection 2015.
Adults achieve successful coordination during conversation by using prosodic and lexicosyntactic cues to predict upcoming changes in speakership. We examined the relative weight of these linguistic cues in the prediction of upcoming turn structure by toddlers learning Dutch (Experiment 1; N = 21) and British English (Experiment 2; N = 20) and adult control participants (Dutch: N = 16; English: N = 20). We tracked participants' anticipatory eye movements as they watched videos of dyadic puppet conversation. We controlled the prosodic and lexicosyntactic cues to turn completion for a subset of the utterances in each conversation to create four types of target utterances (fully incomplete, incomplete syntax, incomplete prosody, and fully complete). All participants (Dutch and English toddlers and adults) used both prosodic and lexicosyntactic cues to anticipate upcoming speaker changes, but weighed lexicosyntactic cues over prosodic ones when the two were pitted against each other. The results suggest that Dutch and English toddlers are already nearly adult-like in their use of prosodic and lexicosyntactic cues in anticipating upcoming turn transitions.
成年人在对话中通过运用韵律和词汇句法线索来预测即将到来的说话者变化，从而实现成功的协调。我们研究了这些语言线索在学习荷兰语的幼儿（实验1；N = 21）、学习英式英语的幼儿（实验2；N = 20）以及成年对照组参与者（荷兰语：N = 16；英语：N = 20）预测即将到来的轮次结构时的相对权重。我们在参与者观看二元木偶对话视频时追踪他们的预期眼动。我们对每个对话中一部分话语的韵律和词汇句法线索进行控制，使其在轮次结束时呈现不同情况，从而创建了四种类型的目标话语（完全未完成、句法未完成、韵律未完成和完全完成）。所有参与者（荷兰语和英语的幼儿及成年人）都使用韵律和词汇句法线索来预测即将到来的说话者变化，但当两者相互竞争时，他们更看重词汇句法线索而非韵律线索。结果表明，荷兰语和英语的幼儿在运用韵律和词汇句法线索预测即将到来的轮次转换方面已经与成年人非常相似。
