Araujo Simone, Cohen Daniel, Hayes Lawrence
School of Human Science, London Metropolitan Universit, London, UK.
Instituto de Investigaciones, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
J Hum Kinet. 2015 Apr 7;45:27-37. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0004. eCollection 2015 Mar 29.
Core stability training (CST) has increased in popularity among athletes and the general fitness population despite limited evidence CST programmes alone lead to improved athletic performance. In female athletes, neuromuscular training combining balance training and trunk and hip/pelvis dominant CST is suggested to reduce injury risk, and specifically peak vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) in a drop jump landing task. However, the isolated effect of trunk dominant core stability training on vGRF during landing in female athletes had not been evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate landing kinetics during a drop jump test following a CST intervention in female capoeira athletes. After giving their informed written consent, sixteen female capoeira athletes (mean ± SD age, stature, and body mass of 27.3 ± 3.7 years, 165.0 ± 4.0 cm, and 59.7 ± 6.3 kg, respectively) volunteered to participate in the training program which consisted of static and dynamic CST sessions, three times per week for six weeks. The repeated measures T-test revealed participants significantly reduced relative vGRF from pre- to post-intervention for the first (3.40 ± 0.78 vs. 2.85 ± 0.52 N·NBW-1, respectively [p<0.05, effect size = 0.60]), and second landing phase (5.09 ± 1.17 vs. 3.02 ± 0.41 N·NBW-1, respectively [p<0.001, effect size = 0.87]). The average loading rate was reduced from pre- to post-intervention during the second landing phase (30.96 ± 18.84 vs. 12.06 ± 9.83 N·NBW·s-1, respectively [p<0.01, effect size = 0.68]). The peak loading rate was reduced from pre- to post-intervention during the first (220.26 ± 111.51 vs. 120.27 ± 64.57 N·NBW·s-1 respectively [p<0.01, effect size = 0.64]), and second (99.52 ± 54.98 vs. 44.71 ± 30.34 N·NBW·s-1 respectively [p<0.01, effect size = 0.70]) landing phase. Body weight, average loading rate during the first landing phase, and jump height were not significantly different between week 0 and week 6 (p=0.528, p=0.261, and p=0.877, respectively). This study provides evidence that trunk dominant core stability training improves landing kinetics without improving jump height, and may reduce lower extremity injury risk in female athletes.
尽管仅有有限的证据表明单独的核心稳定性训练（CST）项目能提高运动表现，但它在运动员和普通健身人群中越来越受欢迎。对于女性运动员，建议将平衡训练与以躯干和髋部/骨盆为主的CST相结合的神经肌肉训练，以降低受伤风险，特别是在下落跳着陆任务中降低垂直地面反作用力（vGRF）峰值。然而，尚未评估以躯干为主的核心稳定性训练对女性运动员着陆时vGRF的单独影响。因此，本研究的目的是评估在女性卡波耶拉运动员进行CST干预后的下落跳测试中的着陆动力学。在获得知情书面同意后，16名女性卡波耶拉运动员（平均±标准差年龄、身高和体重分别为27.3±3.7岁、165.0±4.0厘米和59.7±6.3千克）自愿参加了由静态和动态CST课程组成的训练计划，每周三次，共六周。重复测量T检验显示，参与者在干预前到干预后的过程中，第一次着陆阶段的相对vGRF显著降低（分别为3.40±0.78与2.85±0.52 N·NBW-1 [p<0.05，效应大小=0.60]），第二次着陆阶段也是如此（分别为5.09±1.17与3.02±0.41 N·NBW-1 [p<0.001，效应大小=0.87]）。在第二次着陆阶段，干预前到干预后的平均加载率降低（分别为30.96±18.84与12.06±9.83 N·NBW·s-1 [p<0.01，效应大小=0.68]）。在第一次着陆阶段（分别为220.26±111.51与120.27±64.57 N·NBW·s-1 [p<0.01，效应大小=0.64]）和第二次着陆阶段（分别为99.52±54.98与44.71±30.34 N·NBW·s-1 [p<0.01，效应大小=0.70]），干预前到干预后的峰值加载率降低。体重、第一次着陆阶段的平均加载率和跳跃高度在第0周和第6周之间没有显著差异（分别为p=0.528、p=0.261和p=0.877）。本研究提供了证据，表明以躯干为主的核心稳定性训练可改善着陆动力学但不提高跳跃高度，并且可能降低女性运动员下肢受伤风险。
