Huang Lei, Wang Zhaoxin, Yao Yuhong, Shan Chang, Wang Haojie, Zhu Mengyi, Lu Yuan, Sun Pengfei, Zhao Xudong
Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
BMC Med Educ. 2015 May 14;15:88. doi: 10.1186/s12909-015-0367-5.
Critical thinking is an essential ability for medical students. However, the relationship between parental rearing styles and medical students' critical thinking disposition has rarely been considered. The aim of this study was to investigate whether parental rearing styles were significant predictors of critical thinking disposition among Chinese medical students.
1,075 medical students from the first year to the fifth year attending one of three medical schools in China were recruited via multistage stratified cluster sampling. The Chinese Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory(CTDI-CV) and The Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU) questionnaire were applied to collect data and to conduct descriptive analysis. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data.
The critical thinking disposition average mean score was 287.44 with 632 participants (58.79%) demonstrating positive critical thinking disposition. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the rearing styles of fathers, including "overprotection", "emotional warmth and understanding", "rejection" and "over-interference" were significant predictors of medical students' critical thinking disposition that explained 79.0% of the variance in critical thinking ability. Rearing styles of mothers including "emotional warmth and understanding", "punishing" and "rejection" were also found to be significant predictors, and explained 77.0% of the variance.
Meaningful association has been evidenced between parental rearing styles and Chinese medical students' critical thinking disposition. Parental rearing styles should be considered as one of the many potential determinant factors that contribute to the cultivation of medical students' critical thinking capability. Positive parental rearing styles should be encouraged in the cultivation of children's critical thinking skills.
批判性思维是医学生必备的能力。然而，很少有人考虑父母教养方式与医学生批判性思维倾向之间的关系。本研究旨在调查父母教养方式是否是中国医学生批判性思维倾向的重要预测因素。
通过多阶段分层整群抽样，招募了来自中国三所医学院校一年级至五年级的1075名医学生。应用中国批判性思维倾向量表（CTDI-CV）和父母教养方式问卷（EMBU）收集数据并进行描述性分析。采用逐步多元线性回归分析数据。
批判性思维倾向平均得分287.44分，632名参与者（58.79%）表现出积极的批判性思维倾向。逐步多元线性回归分析显示，父亲的教养方式，包括“过度保护”、“情感温暖与理解”、“拒绝”和“过度干涉”，是医学生批判性思维倾向的重要预测因素，解释了批判性思维能力79.0%的变异。母亲的教养方式，包括“情感温暖与理解”、“惩罚”和“拒绝”，也被发现是重要预测因素，解释了77.0%的变异。
父母教养方式与中国医学生批判性思维倾向之间存在显著关联。父母教养方式应被视为有助于培养医学生批判性思维能力的众多潜在决定因素之一。在培养儿童批判性思维技能时，应鼓励积极的父母教养方式。
