Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (Trento), Italy.
Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2015 Nov;57(11):892-901. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12368. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
In recent years, peptide aptamers have emerged as novel molecular tools that have attracted the attention of researchers in various fields of basic and applied science, ranging from medicine to analytical chemistry. These artificial short peptides are able to specifically bind, track, and inhibit a given target molecule with high affinity, even molecules with poor immunogenicity or high toxicity, and represent a remarkable alternative to antibodies in many different applications. Their use is on the rise, driven mainly by the medical and pharmaceutical sector. Here we discuss the enormous potential of peptide aptamers in both basic and applied aspects of plant biotechnology and food safety. The different peptide aptamer selection methods available both in vivo and in vitro are introduced, and the most important possible applications in plant biotechnology are illustrated. In particular, we discuss the generation of broad-based virus resistance in crops, "reverse genetics" and aptasensors in bioassays for detecting contaminations in food and feed. Furthermore, we suggest an alternative to the transfer of peptide aptamers into plant cells via genetic transformation, based on the use of cell-penetrating peptides that overcome the limits imposed by both crop transformation and Genetically Modified Organism commercialization.
近年来，肽适体作为新型分子工具引起了基础科学和应用科学各个领域研究人员的关注，涵盖了从医学到分析化学等多个领域。这些人工合成的短肽能够特异性地结合、跟踪和抑制特定的靶标分子，具有很高的亲和力，即使是免疫原性差或毒性高的分子也是如此，在许多不同的应用中，它们是抗体的一种极好的替代品。它们的使用正在增加，主要是受到医疗和制药领域的推动。在这里，我们讨论了肽适体在植物生物技术和食品安全的基础和应用方面的巨大潜力。介绍了体内和体外可用的不同肽适体选择方法，并说明了在植物生物技术中的最重要的可能应用。特别是，我们讨论了在作物中产生广谱抗病毒抗性、“反向遗传学”和生物测定中的适体传感器，用于检测食品和饲料中的污染。此外，我们建议基于细胞穿透肽的使用来替代通过遗传转化将肽适体转入植物细胞，细胞穿透肽克服了作物转化和转基因生物商业化所带来的限制。
