Nyberg Ethan, Holmes Christina, Witham Timothy, Grayson Warren L
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway, Smith 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2016 Apr;6(2):184-94. doi: 10.1007/s13346-015-0233-3.
Growth factors are essential orchestrators of the normal bone fracture healing response. For non-union defects, delivery of exogenous growth factors to the injured site significantly improves healing outcomes. However, current clinical methods for scaffold-based growth factor delivery are fairly rudimentary, and there is a need for greater spatial and temporal regulation to increase their in vivo efficacy. Various approaches used to provide spatiotemporal control of growth factor delivery from bone tissue engineering scaffolds include physical entrapment, chemical binding, surface modifications, biomineralization, micro- and nanoparticle encapsulation, and genetically engineered cells. Here, we provide a brief review of these technologies, describing the fundamental mechanisms used to regulate release kinetics. Examples of their use in pre-clinical studies are discussed, and their capacities to provide tunable, growth factor delivery are compared. These advanced scaffold systems have the potential to provide safer, more effective therapies for bone regeneration than the systems currently employed in the clinic.
生长因子是正常骨折愈合反应的重要协调者。对于骨不连缺损，将外源性生长因子输送到损伤部位可显著改善愈合结果。然而，目前基于支架的生长因子递送的临床方法相当原始，需要更好的空间和时间调控以提高其体内疗效。用于从骨组织工程支架实现生长因子递送的时空控制的各种方法包括物理包埋、化学结合,表面修饰、生物矿化、微米和纳米颗粒包封以及基因工程细胞。在此，我们简要综述这些技术，描述用于调节释放动力学的基本机制。讨论了它们在临床前研究中的应用实例，并比较了它们提供可调节生长因子递送的能力。与目前临床使用的系统相比，这些先进的支架系统有可能为骨再生提供更安全、更有效的治疗方法。
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