Ahmad Akil, Siddique Jamal Akhter, Laskar Mohammad Asaduddin, Kumar Rajeev, Mohd-Setapar Siti Hamidah, Khatoon Asma, Shiekh Rayees Ahmad
Centre of Lipids Engineering & Applied Research (CLEAR), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Thakurova-716629, Czech Republic.
J Environ Sci (China). 2015 May 1;31:104-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.12.008. Epub 2015 Mar 30.
The direct determination of toxic metal ions, in environmental samples, is difficult because of the latter's presence in trace concentration in association with complex matrices, thereby leading to insufficient sensitivity and selectivity of the methods used. The simultaneous removal of the matrix and preconcentration of the metal ions, through solid phase extraction, serves as the promising solution. The mechanism involved in solid phase extraction (SPE) depends on the nature of the sorbent and analyte. Thus, SPE is carried out by means of adsorption, ion exchange, chelation, ion pair formation, and so forth. As polymeric supports, the commercially available Amberlite resins have been found very promising for designing chelating matrices due to its good physical and chemical properties such as porosity, high surface area, durability and purity. This review presents an overview of the various works done on the modification of Amberlite XAD resins with the objective of making it an efficient sorbent. The methods of modifications which are generally based on simple impregnation, sorption as chelates and chemical bonding have been discussed. The reported results, including the preconcentration limit, the detection limit, sorption capacity, preconcentration factors etc., have been reproduced.
由于环境样品中有毒金属离子以痕量浓度存在于复杂基体中，直接测定这些离子很困难，这导致所使用方法的灵敏度和选择性不足。通过固相萃取同时去除基体并对金属离子进行预富集，是一种很有前景的解决方案。固相萃取（SPE）所涉及的机理取决于吸附剂和分析物的性质。因此，SPE通过吸附、离子交换、螯合、离子对形成等方式进行。作为聚合物载体，市售的Amberlite树脂因其具有诸如孔隙率、高比表面积、耐久性和纯度等良好的物理和化学性质，在设计螯合基体方面已被证明非常有前景。本综述概述了为使Amberlite XAD树脂成为高效吸附剂而对其进行改性的各种研究工作。讨论了通常基于简单浸渍、螯合物吸附和化学键合的改性方法。已重现了所报道的结果，包括预富集限、检测限、吸附容量、预富集因子等。
