Toral Gregorio M, Baouab Riad E, Martinez-Haro Mónica, Sánchez-Barbudo Inés S, Broggi Juli, Martínez-de la Puente Josue, Viana Duarte, Mateo Rafael, Figuerola Jordi
Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
PLoS One. 2015 May 13;10(5):e0126738. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126738. eCollection 2015.
Levels of exposure to pesticides in rice fields can be significant depending on the environmental policies practiced. The aim of European Union integrated management policy is to reduce pesticide use and impact on environment. Rice fields provide an alternative breeding habitat for many waterbirds that are exposed to the pesticides used and therefore can be valuable indicators of their risk for wildlife. To evaluate integrated management success we examined exposure of Black-winged Stilts (Himantopus himantopus) to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides in rice fields under different types of management by measuring plasma cholinesterase activity. Cholinesterase activity was lower in birds sampled in (a) 2008 after a period of intense pesticide application, than in (b) 2005-2007 and 2011 in rice fields subject to integrated management in Doñana (SW Spain) and (c) in control natural wetlands in Spain and Morocco. During 2009 and 2010, cholinesterase activity was lower in rice fields in Doñana than in rice fields in Larache and Sidi Allal Tazi (NW Morocco). Our results suggest that integrated management successfully reduced the exposure of Black-winged Stilts to pesticides in most of the years. Care should be taken to implement mosquito and pest crop controls on time and with environmentally friendly products in order to reduce its impact on wildlife.
根据所实施的环境政策，稻田中农药的暴露水平可能会很高。欧盟综合管理政策的目标是减少农药使用及其对环境的影响。稻田为许多水鸟提供了另一种繁殖栖息地，这些水鸟会接触到所使用的农药，因此可以作为其对野生动物构成风险的重要指标。为了评估综合管理的成效，我们通过测量血浆胆碱酯酶活性，研究了不同管理类型下稻田中黑翅长脚鹬（Himantopus himantopus）对抑制胆碱酯酶的农药的暴露情况。在（a）2008年经过一段时间高强度农药施用后采集的鸟类样本中，胆碱酯酶活性低于（b）2005 - 2007年以及2011年在西班牙西南部多尼亚纳实施综合管理的稻田中的鸟类样本，也低于（c）西班牙和摩洛哥的对照天然湿地中的鸟类样本。在2009年和2010年期间，多尼亚纳稻田中的胆碱酯酶活性低于拉腊什和西迪阿拉勒塔齐（摩洛哥西北部）稻田中的活性。我们的结果表明，综合管理在大多数年份成功降低了黑翅长脚鹬对农药的暴露。应注意及时采用环保产品实施蚊虫和害虫防治，以减少其对野生动物的影响。
