Shen Jia, Wilmot Kobina A, Ghasemzadeh Nima, Molloy Daniel L, Burkman Gregory, Mekonnen Girum, Gongora Maria C, Quyyumi Arshed A, Sperling Laurence S
Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2015;35:425-49. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-011215-025104. Epub 2015 May 13.
The Mediterranean dietary pattern has been linked with reduced cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. Components of the Mediterranean diet associated with better cardiovascular health include low consumption of meat and meat products, moderate consumption of ethanol (mostly from wine), and high consumption of vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, fish, and olive oil. Increasing evidence indicates that the synergy among these components results in beneficial changes in intermediate pathways of cardiometabolic risk, such as lipids, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and vasoreactivity. As a result, consumption of a Mediterranean dietary pattern favorably affects numerous cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Moreover, strong evidence links this dietary pattern with reduced cardiovascular disease incidence, reoccurrence, and mortality. This review evaluates the current evidence behind the cardioprotective effects of a Mediterranean dietary pattern.
地中海饮食模式与心血管疾病发病率和死亡率的降低有关。地中海饮食中与更好的心血管健康相关的成分包括肉类和肉制品的低摄入量、乙醇（主要来自葡萄酒）的适量摄入，以及蔬菜、水果、坚果、豆类、鱼类和橄榄油的高摄入量。越来越多的证据表明，这些成分之间的协同作用会导致心脏代谢风险中间途径发生有益变化，如血脂、胰岛素敏感性、氧化应激、炎症和血管反应性。因此，采用地中海饮食模式有利于影响众多心血管疾病风险因素，如血脂异常、高血压、代谢综合征和糖尿病。此外，有力证据表明这种饮食模式与心血管疾病发病率、复发率和死亡率的降低有关。本综述评估了地中海饮食模式心脏保护作用背后的现有证据。
