Bojorquez Ietza, Unikel Claudia, Cortez Irene, Cerecero Diego
El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Carretera Escénica Tijuana Ensenada Km. 18.5, San Antonio del Mar, Tijuana, B.C. 22560, Mexico.
Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco #101, Tlalpan, Huipulco, 14370 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
Appetite. 2015 Sep;92:43-50. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.003. Epub 2015 May 11.
Popkin's nutrition transition model proposes that after the change from the traditional to the modern dietary pattern, another change toward "healthy eating" could occur. As health-related practices are associated with social position, with higher socioeconomic groups generally being the first to adopt public health recommendations, a gradient of traditional-modern-healthy dietary patterns should be observed between groups. The objectives of this article were: 1) to describe the dietary patterns of a representative sample of adult women; 2) to assess whether dietary patterns differentiate in traditional, modern and healthy; and 3) to evaluate the association of social position and dietary patterns. We conducted a survey in Tijuana, a Mexican city at the Mexico-United States (US) border. Women 18-65 years old (n = 2345) responded to a food frequency questionnaire, and questions about socioeconomic and demographic factors. We extracted dietary patterns through factor analysis, and employed indicators of economic and cultural capital, life course stage and migration to define social position. We evaluated the association of social position and dietary patterns with linear regression models. Three patterns were identified: "tortillas," "hamburgers" and "vegetables." Women in a middle position of economic and cultural capital scored higher in the "hamburgers" pattern, and women in upper positions scored higher in the "vegetables" pattern. Economic and cultural capitals and migration interacted, so that for women lower in economic capital, having lived in the US was associated with higher scores in the "hamburgers" pattern.
波普金的营养转型模型提出，在从传统饮食模式向现代饮食模式转变之后，可能会出现另一种向“健康饮食”的转变。由于与健康相关的行为与社会地位相关，社会经济地位较高的群体通常是最先采纳公共卫生建议的，因此在不同群体之间应该能够观察到传统-现代-健康饮食模式的梯度变化。本文的目的是：1）描述成年女性代表性样本的饮食模式；2）评估饮食模式在传统、现代和健康方面是否存在差异；3）评估社会地位与饮食模式之间的关联。我们在墨西哥与美国边境的墨西哥城市蒂华纳进行了一项调查。18至65岁的女性（n = 2345）回答了一份食物频率问卷，以及关于社会经济和人口因素的问题。我们通过因子分析提取饮食模式，并采用经济和文化资本、生命历程阶段和移民指标来定义社会地位。我们用线性回归模型评估社会地位与饮食模式之间的关联。识别出三种模式：“玉米饼”、“汉堡”和“蔬菜”。处于经济和文化资本中等地位的女性在“汉堡”模式上得分较高，处于较高地位的女性在“蔬菜”模式上得分较高。经济和文化资本以及移民相互作用，因此对于经济资本较低的女性来说，在美国生活与在“汉堡”模式上得分较高有关。
