Sofianou Anastasia, Fung Teresa T, Tucker Katherine L
Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2011 Oct;111(10):1563-1569.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.07.005.
Literature on the diet of the Mexican-American population suggests that food consumption differs by nativity and duration of residence in the United States. However, no studies have used dietary pattern analysis to investigate these differences. To create dietary patterns, we used principal components analysis on food frequency questionnaire data for all adult respondents of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey years 2003-2006. Four dietary patterns were identified: Western, Healthy, Tomato/Tortilla, and Coffee/Sugar. Least squares means regression was used to test differences in adjusted mean dietary adherence scores among Mexico-born Mexican-American adults residing in the United States for <15 years (n=302), Mexico-born Mexican-American adults residing in the United States for ≥15 years (n=234), US-born Mexican-American adults (n=509), and US-born non-Hispanic whites (n=2,530) aged 18 to 69 years. Mean score for each diet pattern did not differ significantly by duration of US residence category in the Mexico-born Mexican-American population. However, in comparison to all Mexico-born Mexican Americans, US-born Mexican Americans had significantly lower score for the Tomato/Tortilla pattern, and significantly higher score for the Western pattern. Scores for the Healthy pattern were relatively low in all Mexican-American subgroups, indicating low adherence to the Healthy diet. However, Healthy diet scores of Mexico-born Mexican Americans among those aged ≤41 years appeared more similar to those of US-born non-Hispanic whites than US-born Mexican Americans. Education and policy action promoting healthy food access in Hispanic neighborhoods could help limit consumption of Western and Coffee/Sugar diet patterns and promote healthier choices in the Mexican-American population.
关于墨西哥裔美国人饮食的文献表明，食物消费因出生地和在美国的居住时间而异。然而，尚无研究使用饮食模式分析来调查这些差异。为了创建饮食模式，我们对2003 - 2006年国家健康与营养检查调查所有成年受访者的食物频率问卷数据进行了主成分分析。确定了四种饮食模式：西方型、健康型、番茄/玉米饼型和咖啡/糖型。使用最小二乘均值回归来检验居住在美国不到15年的墨西哥出生的墨西哥裔美国成年人（n = 302）、居住在美国15年及以上的墨西哥出生的墨西哥裔美国成年人（n = 234）、美国出生的墨西哥裔美国成年人（n = 509）以及18至69岁的美国出生的非西班牙裔白人（n = 2530）在调整后的平均饮食依从性得分上的差异。在墨西哥出生的墨西哥裔美国人群中，每种饮食模式的平均得分在不同美国居住时长类别之间没有显著差异。然而，与所有墨西哥出生的墨西哥裔美国人相比，美国出生的墨西哥裔美国人在番茄/玉米饼模式上的得分显著较低，而在西方模式上的得分显著较高。在所有墨西哥裔美国亚组中，健康模式的得分相对较低，表明对健康饮食的依从性较低。然而，年龄≤41岁的墨西哥出生的墨西哥裔美国人的健康饮食得分似乎比美国出生的墨西哥裔美国人更接近美国出生的非西班牙裔白人。在西班牙裔社区促进健康食品获取的教育和政策行动有助于限制西方型和咖啡/糖型饮食模式的消费，并促进墨西哥裔美国人做出更健康的选择。
