Mylona Dimitra
Institute of Aegean Prehistory for East Crete, 59 E. Daskalaki, 74100 Rethymno, Greece.
J Biol Res (Thessalon). 2014 May 13;21(1):2. doi: 10.1186/2241-5793-21-2. eCollection 2014 Dec.
This paper explores the early stages in the history of fishing in the Aegean Sea in Greece, and highlights its formative phases and its specific characteristics in different points in time. This is testified by various physical remains, such as fish bones, fishing tools, and representations in art, which are gathered in the course of archaeological research. The aquatic resources in the Aegean Sea have been exploited and managed for millennia by communities that lived near the water and often made a living from it. The earliest evidence for a systematic, intensive exploitation of marine resources in the Aegean Sea dates to the Mesolithic, eleven millennia ago. In the Neolithic period, the adoption of a sedentary, agro-pastoral way of life led to a reduction in the intensity of fishing and shellfish gathering. Its importance as an economic resource remained high only in certain regions of rich, eutrophic waters. In the Bronze Age, an era of social complexity and centralized economy, the exploitation of aquatic, mostly marine, resources became a complex, multi-faceted activity which involved subsistence, industry and ideology. The range of preferred fish and invertebrate species, the fishing technology, and the processing of fish and shellfish in order to produce elaborate foods or prestige items are all traceable aspects of the complex relationship between humans and the aquatic resources throughout the prehistory of fishing and shellfish gathering in the Aegean area. The broadening of collaboration between archaeology and physical sciences offers new means to explore these issues in a more thorough and nuanced manner.
本文探讨了希腊爱琴海渔业历史的早期阶段，并着重介绍了其形成阶段以及在不同时间点的具体特征。这一点得到了各种实物遗迹的证明，如鱼骨、捕鱼工具以及艺术作品中的描绘，这些都是在考古研究过程中收集到的。数千年来，生活在爱琴海附近水域且常常以此为生的社群一直在开发和管理该海域的水生资源。爱琴海对海洋资源进行系统、密集开发的最早证据可追溯到1.1万年前的中石器时代。在新石器时代，由于采用了定居的农牧生活方式，捕鱼和采集贝类的强度有所降低。只有在某些富含营养的富饶水域地区，其作为一种经济资源的重要性才依然很高。在青铜时代，一个社会复杂且经济集中的时代，对水生资源（主要是海洋资源）的开发成为了一项复杂、多层面的活动，涉及到生存、产业和意识形态。在爱琴海地区捕鱼和采集贝类的整个史前时期，人们所偏好的鱼类和无脊椎动物种类范围、捕鱼技术以及为制作精致食物或珍贵物品而对鱼类和贝类进行的加工，都是人类与水生资源之间复杂关系的可追溯方面。考古学与自然科学之间合作的不断扩大，为更全面、细致地探索这些问题提供了新的方法。
