Laggis Anastasia, Baxevanis Athanasios D, Charalampidou Alexandra, Maniatsi Stefania, Triantafyllidis Alexander, Abatzopoulos Theodore J
Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
Scientific Computing Office, Information Technology (IT) Center, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
BMC Evol Biol. 2017 May 30;17(1):122. doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-0971-6.
The noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) displays a complex historical and contemporary genetic status in Europe. The species divergence has been shaped by geological events (i.e. Pleistocene glaciations) and humanly induced impacts (i.e. translocations, pollution, etc.) on its populations due to species commercial value and its niche degradation. Until now, limited genetic information has been procured for the Balkan area and especially for the southernmost distribution of this species (i.e. Greece). It is well known that the rich habitat diversity of the Balkan Peninsula offers suitable conditions for genetically diversified populations. Thus, the present manuscript revisits the phylogenetic relationships of the noble crayfish in Europe and identifies the genetic make-up and the biogeographical patterns of the species in its southern range limit.
Mitochondrial markers (i.e. COI and 16S) were used in order to elucidate the genetic structure and diversity of the noble crayfish in Europe. Two of the six European haplotypic lineages, were found exclusively in Greece. These two lineages exhibited greater haplotypic richness when compared with the rest four (of "Central European" origin) while they showed high genetic diversity. Divergence time analysis identified that the majority of this divergence was captured through Pleistocene, suggesting a southern glacial refugium (Greece, southern Balkans). Furthermore, six microsatellite markers were used in order to define the factors affecting the genetic structure and demographic history of the species in Greece. The population structure analysis revealed six to nine genetic clusters and eight putative genetic barriers. Evidence of bottleneck effects in the last ~5000 years (due to climatic and geological events and human activities) is also afforded. Findings from several other research fields (e.g. life sciences, geology or even archaeology) have been utilized to perceive the genetic make-up of the noble crayfish.
The southernmost part of Balkans has played a major role as a glacial refugium for A. astacus. Such refugia have served as centres of expansion to northern regions. Recent history of the noble crayfish in southern Balkans reveals the influence of environmental (climate, geology and/or topology) and anthropogenic factors.
欧洲的贵族螯虾（Astacus astacus）呈现出复杂的历史和当代遗传状况。物种分化受到地质事件（如更新世冰川作用）以及由于该物种的商业价值和生态位退化而对其种群产生的人为影响（如迁移、污染等）的塑造。到目前为止，巴尔干地区，特别是该物种最南端分布区域（即希腊）的遗传信息获取有限。众所周知，巴尔干半岛丰富的栖息地多样性为遗传多样化的种群提供了适宜条件。因此，本论文重新审视了欧洲贵族螯虾的系统发育关系，并确定了该物种在其南部分布范围边界的遗传组成和生物地理模式。
使用线粒体标记（即细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）和16S）来阐明欧洲贵族螯虾的遗传结构和多样性。六个欧洲单倍型谱系中的两个仅在希腊被发现。与其余四个（起源于“中欧”）相比，这两个谱系表现出更高的单倍型丰富度，同时显示出高遗传多样性。分歧时间分析确定，这种分歧的大部分是在更新世期间发生的，表明存在一个南部冰川避难所（希腊、巴尔干半岛南部）。此外，使用六个微卫星标记来确定影响希腊该物种遗传结构和种群历史的因素。种群结构分析揭示了六到九个遗传簇和八个假定的遗传屏障。还提供了过去约5000年中（由于气候、地质事件和人类活动）瓶颈效应的证据。利用了其他几个研究领域（如生命科学、地质学甚至考古学）的研究结果来了解贵族螯虾的遗传组成。
巴尔干半岛最南端作为贵族螯虾的冰川避难所发挥了重要作用。这些避难所成为了向北部地区扩张的中心。贵族螯虾在巴尔干半岛南部的近期历史揭示了环境（气候、地质和/或地形）和人为因素的影响。
