Arboix Adrià
Adrià Arboix, Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Service of Neurology, Hospital Universitari del Sagrat Cor, University of Barcelona, E-08029 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
World J Clin Cases. 2015 May 16;3(5):418-29. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i5.418.
Timely diagnosis and control of cardiovascular risk factors is a priority objective for adequate primary and secondary prevention of acute stroke. Hypertension, atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus are the most common risk factors for acute cerebrovascular events, although novel risk factors, such as sleep-disordered breathing, inflammatory markers or carotid intima-media thickness have been identified. However, the cardiovascular risk factors profile differs according to the different subtypes of ischemic stroke. Atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease are more frequent in patients with cardioembolic infarction, hypertension and diabetes in patients with lacunar stroke, and vascular peripheral disease, hypertension, diabetes, previous transient ischemic attack and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with atherothrombotic infarction. This review aims to present updated data on risk factors for acute ischemic stroke as well as to describe the usefulness of new and emerging vascular risk factors in stroke patients.
及时诊断和控制心血管危险因素是急性卒中一级和二级预防的首要目标。高血压、心房颤动和糖尿病是急性脑血管事件最常见的危险因素，尽管已经发现了一些新的危险因素，如睡眠呼吸障碍、炎症标志物或颈动脉内膜中层厚度。然而，心血管危险因素谱因缺血性卒中的不同亚型而异。心房颤动和缺血性心脏病在心源性脑梗死患者中更为常见，高血压和糖尿病在腔隙性卒中患者中更为常见，而血管外周疾病、高血压、糖尿病、既往短暂性脑缺血发作和慢性阻塞性肺疾病在动脉粥样硬化血栓形成性梗死患者中更为常见。本综述旨在介绍急性缺血性卒中危险因素的最新数据，并描述新出现的血管危险因素在卒中患者中的作用。
