Auersperg Alice Marie Isabel, Oswald Natalie, Domanegg Markus, Gajdon Gyula Koppany, Bugnyar Thomas
University of Vienna ; University of Oxford ; MaxPlanck Institute.
University of Vienna ; Karl-Franzens-University.
Anim Behav Cogn. 2014 Nov 1;1(4):470-488. doi: 10.12966/abc.11.05.2014.
In primates, complex object combinations during play are often regarded as precursors of functional behavior. Here we investigate combinatory behaviors during unrewarded object manipulation in seven parrot species, including kea, African grey parrots and Goffin cockatoos, three species previously used as model species for technical problem solving. We further examine a habitually tool using species, the black palm cockatoo. Moreover, we incorporate three neotropical species, the yellow- and the black-billed Amazon and the burrowing parakeet. Paralleling previous studies on primates and corvids, free object-object combinations and complex object-substrate combinations such as inserting objects into tubes/holes or stacking rings onto poles prevailed in the species previously linked to advanced physical cognition and tool use. In addition, free object-object combinations were intrinsically structured in Goffin cockatoos and in kea.
在灵长类动物中，玩耍期间的复杂物体组合通常被视为功能行为的前身。在此，我们研究了七种鹦鹉在无奖励物体操控过程中的组合行为，包括啄羊鹦鹉、非洲灰鹦鹉和戈氏凤头鹦鹉，这三个物种此前曾被用作解决技术问题的模式物种。我们还进一步研究了一种习惯性使用工具的物种——黑棕榈凤头鹦鹉。此外，我们纳入了三种新热带物种，黄嘴亚马逊鹦鹉、黑嘴亚马逊鹦鹉和穴居鹦鹉。与之前对灵长类动物和鸦科动物的研究相似，自由的物体-物体组合以及复杂的物体-基质组合，如将物体插入管子/洞中或将环堆叠在杆子上，在先前与高级物理认知和工具使用相关的物种中很常见。此外，自由的物体-物体组合在戈氏凤头鹦鹉和啄羊鹦鹉中具有内在结构。
