Payushina V
Zh Obshch Biol. 2015 Mar-Apr;76(2):161-72.
Studying mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) is a very topical problem. Numerous experiments in vitro promoted understanding of MSC biology to a great extent. However, many aspects of their behavior in vivo still remain unclear. This review deals with MSC localization and functioning in an organism. MSC are present in various tissues, changing their numbers and traits during ontogenesis. Pericytes, or adventitial cells, can be considered as possible equivalents of MSC in vivo. Self-maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of MSC are controlled by their tissue microenvironment that includes surrounding cells, soluble molecules, and extracellular matrix. At early stages of ontogenesis, MSC, probably, migrate throughout an organism. The migration occur also through a mature organism when tissues happen to be damaged. MSC move pointedly to the damaged parts and render a reparative effect which is due, first of all, to paracrine production of bioactive molecules. Immunomodulatory properties of MSC also play their role in tissues regeneration. An important function of MSC consists in creation of hematopoietic microenvironment. They secrete humoral regulators of hemopoiesis such as cytokines and chemoattractants. In addition, they interact with hemopoietic cells via surface molecules. Possibly, MSC sustain the stable functioning of other tissues as well. Their unique features make them quite attractive for clinical use, although successful introduction of MSC into medical practice requires their further studying.
研究间充质基质细胞（MSC）是一个非常热门的问题。大量的体外实验在很大程度上促进了对MSC生物学特性的理解。然而，它们在体内行为的许多方面仍不清楚。这篇综述探讨了MSC在生物体内的定位和功能。MSC存在于各种组织中，在个体发育过程中其数量和特性会发生变化。周细胞或外膜细胞可被视为体内MSC的可能等效物。MSC的自我维持、增殖和分化受其组织微环境控制，该微环境包括周围细胞、可溶性分子和细胞外基质。在个体发育的早期阶段，MSC可能会迁移至整个生物体。当组织受损时，成熟生物体内也会发生迁移。MSC会有针对性地迁移到受损部位并发挥修复作用，这首先归因于生物活性分子的旁分泌产生。MSC的免疫调节特性在组织再生中也发挥着作用。MSC的一项重要功能在于创建造血微环境。它们分泌造血的体液调节因子，如细胞因子和趋化因子。此外，它们通过表面分子与造血细胞相互作用。MSC可能还维持着其他组织的稳定功能。它们的独特特性使其在临床应用中颇具吸引力，尽管要将MSC成功引入医学实践还需要对其进行进一步研究。
