Ly Anh, Crowshoe Lynden
Department of Anthropology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.
Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Med Educ. 2015 Jun;49(6):612-22. doi: 10.1111/medu.12725.
Efforts are underway in many parts of the world to develop medical education curricula that address the health care issues of indigenous populations. The topic of stereotypes and their impact on such peoples' health, however, has received little attention. An examination of stereotypes will shed light on dominant cultural attitudes toward Aboriginal people that can affect quality of care and health outcomes in Aboriginal patients.
This study examines the views of undergraduate medical students regarding Canadian Aboriginal stereotypes and how they potentially affect Aboriginal people's health. The goal of this study was to gain insight into how medical learners perceive issues related to racism, discrimination and social stereotypes and to draw attention to gaps in Aboriginal health curricula.
This study involved a convenience sample of medical learners drawn from one undergraduate medical programme in western Canada. Using a semi-structured interview guide, we conducted a total of seven focus group interviews with 38 first- and second-year undergraduate medical students. Data were analysed using a thematic content analysis approach.
Medical students recognise that stereotypes are closely related to processes of racism and discrimination. However, they generally feel that stereotypes of Aboriginal people are rooted in reality. Students also identified medical school as one of the environments in which they are commonly exposed to negative views of Aboriginal people. Student responses suggest they see the cultural gap between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people as being both a cause and a consequence of discrimination against Aboriginal people.
The results of this study suggest that teaching medical students about the realities and impacts of stereotypes on Aboriginal peoples is a good starting point from which to address issues of racism and health inequities affecting the health of Aboriginal people.
世界许多地方都在努力开发医学教育课程，以解决原住民的医疗保健问题。然而，刻板印象及其对这些人群健康的影响这一话题却很少受到关注。对刻板印象的审视将揭示主导文化对原住民的态度，这些态度可能会影响原住民患者的护理质量和健康结果。
本研究调查了本科医学生对加拿大原住民刻板印象的看法，以及这些刻板印象如何潜在地影响原住民的健康。本研究的目的是深入了解医学学习者如何看待与种族主义、歧视和社会刻板印象相关的问题，并提请人们注意原住民健康课程中的差距。
本研究采用便利抽样法，从加拿大西部一个本科医学项目中抽取医学学习者作为样本。我们使用半结构化访谈指南，对38名本科一、二年级医学生进行了总共七次焦点小组访谈。采用主题内容分析法对数据进行分析。
医学生认识到刻板印象与种族主义和歧视过程密切相关。然而，他们普遍认为对原住民的刻板印象是有现实依据的。学生们还将医学院视为他们经常接触到对原住民负面看法的环境之一。学生的回答表明，他们认为原住民和非原住民之间的文化差距既是对原住民歧视的原因，也是其结果。
本研究结果表明，向医学生传授刻板印象对原住民的现实情况和影响，是解决影响原住民健康的种族主义和健康不平等问题的一个良好起点。
