J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2014 Oct;10(10):2700-21. doi: 10.1166/jbn.2014.1987.
Currently gold nanoparticles are widely used in optical bioassays because of their characteristics, such as good biocompatibility, excellent optical performance, special catalytic activity and the convenience of controlled fabrication. This review describes the application development of gold nanoparticles in various optical biosensors, including colorimetry, scanometry, dry-reagent strip, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), chemiluminescence and fluorescent biosensors. Firstly, we present the underlying principles that contribute to the enhanced detection capability of gold nanoparticles, taking advantage of their unique characteristics in these bioassay methods. We then demonstrate selected examples to illustrate the development of each method, focusing on the performance improvement of the biosensor, such as sensitivity, selectivity and so on. Finally, we conclude and discuss the future prospects of using gold nanoparticles in biosensors.
目前，由于其良好的生物相容性、优异的光学性能、特殊的催化活性以及易于控制的制造等特点，金纳米粒子在光学生物测定中得到了广泛的应用。本综述描述了金纳米粒子在各种光学生物传感器中的应用发展，包括比色法、扫描法、干试剂条、表面等离子体共振（SPR）、表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）、化学发光和荧光生物传感器。首先，我们介绍了有助于提高金纳米粒子检测能力的基本原理，利用其在这些生物测定方法中的独特特性。然后，我们展示了一些选定的例子来说明每种方法的发展，重点是生物传感器性能的提高，如灵敏度、选择性等。最后，我们对金纳米粒子在生物传感器中的应用进行了总结和讨论，并展望了未来的发展前景。
