Brito B P, Rodriguez L L, Hammond J M, Pinto J, Perez A M
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, USA.
Centre for Animal & Plant Biosecurity, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2017 Apr;64(2):316-332. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12373. Epub 2015 May 20.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus affects livestock worldwide. There are seven different serotypes, each with a diversity of topotypes, genetic lineages and strains. Some lineages have different properties that may contribute to sporadic spread beyond their recognized endemic areas. The objective of this study was to review the most significant FMD epidemiological events that took place worldwide between 2007 and 2014. Severe epidemics were caused by FMD virus (FMDV) lineage O/Asia/Mya-98 in Japan and South Korea in 2010, both previously free of disease. In India, where FMD is endemic, the most important event was the re-emergence of lineage O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 in 2008. Notably, this lineage, normally restricted to India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan, was also found in Saudi Arabia and Libya in 2013 and has caused several outbreaks in Tunisia and Algeria in 2014-2015. In January 2011, FMDV-positive wild boars were found in Bulgaria, where the disease last occurred in 1996, followed by 12 outbreaks in livestock infected with FMDV O/ME-SA/PanAsia2. In 2012, FMDV SAT2 caused outbreaks in Egypt and the Palestinian Autonomous Territories. Another significant event was the emergence of FMDV Asia1 Sindh-08 in the Middle East. In South America, one outbreak of FMDV serotype O, topotype Euro-SA was reported in Paraguay in 2011, which was recognized as FMD-free with vaccination at the time. Lessons learned from past events, point out the need for an integrated strategy that comprises coordinated global and regional efforts for FMDV control and surveillance. Specific local characteristics related to host, environment and virus that condition FMD occurrence should be carefully considered and incorporated to adapt appropriate strategies into local plans. In this review, we compiled relevant epidemiological FMD events to provide a global overview of the current situation. We further discussed current challenges present in different FMD areas.
口蹄疫病毒影响着全球的家畜。它有七种不同的血清型，每种血清型又有多种拓扑型、遗传谱系和毒株。一些谱系具有不同的特性，这可能导致其在公认的流行地区之外出现零星传播。本研究的目的是回顾2007年至2014年期间全球发生的最重要的口蹄疫流行病学事件。2010年，口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）O/Asia/Mya-98谱系在日本和韩国引发了严重疫情，这两个国家此前均无该病。在口蹄疫为地方病的印度，最重要的事件是2008年O/ME-SA/Ind-2001谱系的再次出现。值得注意的是，该谱系通常局限于印度、孟加拉国、尼泊尔和不丹，但在2013年也在沙特阿拉伯和利比亚被发现，并于2014年至2015年在突尼斯和阿尔及利亚引发了数次疫情。2011年1月，在保加利亚发现了口蹄疫病毒阳性野猪，该国上一次出现该病是在1996年，随后有12起家畜感染口蹄疫病毒O/ME-SA/PanAsia2的疫情。2012年，口蹄疫病毒SAT2在埃及和巴勒斯坦自治区引发了疫情。另一个重要事件是口蹄疫病毒Asia1 Sindh-08在中东出现。在南美洲，2011年巴拉圭报告了一起口蹄疫病毒O型、拓扑型Euro-SA的疫情，当时该国被认为通过疫苗接种无口蹄疫。从过去事件中吸取的教训表明，需要一种综合战略，包括全球和区域协调努力来控制和监测口蹄疫病毒。应仔细考虑与宿主、环境和病毒相关的特定地方特征对口蹄疫发生的影响，并将其纳入地方计划以制定适当战略。在本综述中，我们汇编了相关的口蹄疫流行病学事件，以提供全球现状概述。我们还进一步讨论了不同口蹄疫地区当前面临的挑战。
