OIE Sub-Regional Representation for South-East Asia, Bangkok, Thailand.
OIE FMD Reference Laboratory/Regional FMD Reference Laboratory for South-East Asia, Pakchong, Thailand.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2018 Feb;65(1):e104-e112. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12687. Epub 2017 Aug 30.
The O/Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA)/Ind-2001 lineage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is endemic in the Indian subcontinent and has been reported in the Middle East and North Africa, but it had not been detected in South-East Asia (SEA) before 2015. This study reports the recent incursions of this viral lineage into SEA, which caused outbreaks in Vientiane Capital of Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) in April 2015, in Dak Nong, Dak Lak and Ninh Thuan Provinces of Vietnam from May to October 2015, and in Rakhine State of Myanmar in October 2015. Disease investigations were conducted during the outbreaks and followed up after laboratory results confirmed the involvement of FMDV O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 sublineage d (O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d). Affected host species included cattle, buffalo and pig, and all the outbreaks resolved within 2 months. Animals with clinical signs were separated, and affected premises were disinfected. However, strict movement restrictions were not enforced, and emergency vaccinations were only implemented in Vientiane Capital of Lao PDR and Dak Nong and Ninh Thuan Provinces of Vietnam. Clinical samples were collected from each outbreak and examined by nucleotide sequencing of the FMDV viral protein 1 coding region. Sequence analysis revealed that the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d isolates from Lao PDR and Vietnam were closely related to each other and similar to viruses previously circulating in India in 2013. Viruses collected from Myanmar were divergent from viruses of the same sublineage recovered from Lao PDR and Vietnam but were closely related to viruses present in Bangladesh in 2015. These findings imply that at least two independent introductions of O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d into SEA have occurred. Our study highlights the transboundary nature of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and reinforces the importance of improved FMD surveillance and promotion of safer cross-border trade in SEA to control the risk of introduction and spread of exotic FMDV strains.
口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）的 O/Middle East-South Asia（ME-SA）/Ind-2001 谱系在印度次大陆流行，并已在中东和北非报告，但在 2015 年之前，它并未在东南亚（SEA）检测到。本研究报告了该病毒谱系最近入侵 SEA，导致 2015 年 4 月老挝人民民主共和国（PDR）万象首都爆发疫情，2015 年 5 月至 10 月越南的 Dak Nong、Dak Lak 和 Ninh Thuan 省以及 2015 年 10 月缅甸若开邦爆发疫情。在疫情爆发期间进行了疾病调查，并在实验室结果证实涉及口蹄疫病毒 O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 亚谱系 d（O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d）后进行了后续跟踪。受影响的宿主物种包括牛、水牛和猪，所有疫情均在 2 个月内得到解决。对有临床症状的动物进行了隔离，并对受影响的场所进行了消毒。然而，并未严格执行移动限制，仅在老挝 PDR 的万象和越南的 Dak Nong 和 Ninh Thuan 省实施了紧急疫苗接种。从每个疫情中采集临床样本，并通过口蹄疫病毒 1 编码区的核苷酸测序进行检查。序列分析显示，老挝 PDR 和越南的 O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d 分离株彼此密切相关，与 2013 年印度流行的病毒相似。从缅甸采集的病毒与从老挝 PDR 和越南回收的相同亚谱系病毒不同，但与 2015 年孟加拉国的病毒密切相关。这些发现表明，至少有两次 O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d 病毒传入 SEA。本研究强调了口蹄疫（FMD）的跨界性质，并强调了加强 FMD 监测以及促进 SEA 中更安全的跨境贸易的重要性，以控制外来 FMDV 株引入和传播的风险。
