Białaszek Wojciech, Gaik Maciej, McGoun Elton, Zielonka Piotr
Department of Behavior Analysis, University of Social Sciences and Humanities , Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Economic Psychology, Kozminski University , Warsaw, Poland.
Front Psychol. 2015 May 5;6:515. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00515. eCollection 2015.
Impulsivity has been defined as choosing the smaller more immediate reward over a larger more delayed reward. The purpose of this research was to gain a deeper understanding of the mental processes involved in the decision making. We examined participants' rates of delay discounting and probability discounting to determine their correlation with time-probability trade-offs. To establish the time-probability trade-off rate, participants adjusted a risky, immediate payoff to a delayed, certain payoff. In effect, this yielded a probability equivalent of waiting time. We found a strong, positive correlation between delay discount rates and the time-probability trade-offs. This means that impulsive people have a compulsion for immediate gratification, independent of whether the immediate reward is certain or uncertain. Thus, they seem not to be concerned with risk but rather with time.
冲动被定义为选择较小的即时奖励而非较大的延迟奖励。本研究的目的是更深入地了解决策过程中涉及的心理过程。我们研究了参与者的延迟折扣率和概率折扣率，以确定它们与时间-概率权衡之间的相关性。为了确定时间-概率权衡率，参与者将一个有风险的即时收益调整为延迟的确定收益。实际上，这产生了等待时间的概率等效值。我们发现延迟折扣率与时间-概率权衡之间存在很强的正相关。这意味着冲动的人有即时满足的冲动，无论即时奖励是确定的还是不确定的。因此，他们似乎并不关心风险，而是关心时间。
