Rai Mahendra, Jogee Priti S, Ingle Avinash P
Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University , Amravati, Maharashtra , India.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015;66(4):363-70. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1034251. Epub 2015 May 22.
The term mycotoxin was coined for toxic metabolites secreted by some fungi in food, food products and feed. The most prominent mycotoxins include aflatoxins (AFs), deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin, fumonisin and patulin. Among these some are proved to be strong carcinogenic agents such as AFs B1 while others are under suspicion to have carcinogenic effects. Ingestion of such mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed pose to a threat, mycotoxicoses. Various conventional techniques are available for the detection of mycotoxins, but unfortunately as a consequence of their constraint, the development of new and rapid techniques is the need of the hour. The use of nanotechnology for the development of nanobiosensors would be the alternative sensitive methods for the rapid detection of mycotoxins. Implementation of nanomaterials in the fabrication of nanobiosensors and their use for the detection of the mycotoxins in food and feed is the centre of interest of this review. We have inventoried nanomaterials applied for weaving nanobiosensors, which includes carbon nanotubes, nanowires, nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanorods and nanofibers. In addition, we have extensively reviewed available nanobiosensors specific for different mycotoxins, their advantages and challenges.
“霉菌毒素”一词是用来指某些真菌在食品、食品制品和饲料中分泌的有毒代谢产物。最主要的霉菌毒素包括黄曲霉毒素（AFs）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素、伏马菌素和展青霉素。其中一些已被证明是强致癌剂，如AFs B1，而其他一些则被怀疑具有致癌作用。摄入受此类霉菌毒素污染的食品和饲料会造成威胁，即霉菌毒素中毒。有多种传统技术可用于检测霉菌毒素，但不幸的是，由于其局限性，开发新的快速检测技术已成为当务之急。利用纳米技术开发纳米生物传感器将是快速检测霉菌毒素的替代灵敏方法。在纳米生物传感器的制造中应用纳米材料及其用于检测食品和饲料中的霉菌毒素是本综述的关注核心。我们盘点了用于构建纳米生物传感器的纳米材料，包括碳纳米管、纳米线、纳米颗粒、量子点、纳米棒和纳米纤维。此外，我们还广泛综述了针对不同霉菌毒素的现有纳米生物传感器、它们的优点和挑战。
