自闭症及平均智商水平成年人的就业和高等教育纵向模式。
Longitudinal patterns of employment and postsecondary education for adults with autism and average-range IQ.
作者信息
Taylor Julie Lounds, Henninger Natalie A, Mailick Marsha R
机构信息
Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, USA Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, USA
Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, USA.
出版信息
Autism. 2015 Oct;19(7):785-93. doi: 10.1177/1362361315585643. Epub 2015 May 27.
This study examined correlates of participation in postsecondary education and employment over 12 years for 73 adults with autism spectrum disorders and average-range IQ whose families were part of a larger, longitudinal study. Correlates included demographic (sex, maternal education, paternal education), behavioral (activities of daily living, maladaptive behaviors, autism symptoms), and family (size of maternal social network; maternal depressive symptoms, anxiety, and pessimism) factors. Although two-thirds of adults with autism spectrum disorder participated in competitive employment/postsecondary education during the study, fewer than 25% maintained these activities over the study period. Behavioral characteristics distinguished those who never had competitive employment/postsecondary education from those who sometimes or consistently participated in these activities. Women were considerably less likely than men to maintain employment/postsecondary education over time.
本研究调查了73名患有自闭症谱系障碍且智商处于平均水平的成年人在12年期间接受高等教育和就业情况的相关因素，这些成年人的家庭是一项规模更大的纵向研究的一部分。相关因素包括人口统计学因素（性别、母亲教育程度、父亲教育程度）、行为因素（日常生活活动、适应不良行为、自闭症症状）和家庭因素（母亲社交网络规模；母亲的抑郁症状、焦虑和悲观情绪）。尽管在研究期间，三分之二患有自闭症谱系障碍的成年人参与了竞争性就业/高等教育，但在整个研究期间，维持这些活动的人数不到25%。行为特征区分了那些从未有过竞争性就业/高等教育的人与那些有时或持续参与这些活动的人。随着时间的推移，女性维持就业/高等教育的可能性比男性低得多。
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