Luik Annemarie I, Zuurbier Lisette A, Hofman Albert, Van Someren Eus J W, Ikram M Arfan, Tiemeier Henning
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Netherlands Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Medical Psychology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sleep Med. 2015 Jul;16(7):850-5. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.03.012. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
Cognitive functioning changes with age, sleep, and the circadian rhythm. We investigated whether these factors are independently associated with different cognitive domains assessed in middle-aged and elderly persons.
In 1723 middle-aged and elderly persons (age 62 ± 9.4 years, mean ± standard deviation, SD) of the Rotterdam Study, we collected actigraphy recordings of on average 138 h. Actigraphy was used to quantify 24-h rhythms by calculating the stability of the rhythm over days and the fragmentation of the rhythm. Sleep parameters including total sleep time, sleep-onset latency, and wake after sleep onset were also estimated from actigraphy. Cognitive functioning was assessed with the word learning test (WLT), word fluency test (WFT), letter digit substitution task (LDST), and Stroop color word test (Stroop).
Persons with less stable 24-h rhythms performed worse on the LDST (B = 0.42 per SD increase, p = 0.004) and the Stroop interference trial (B = -1.04 per SD increase, p = 0.003) after full adjustment. Similarly, persons with more fragmented rhythms performed worse on the LDST (B = -0.47 per SD increase, p = 0.002) and the Stroop (B = 1.47 per SD increase, p <0.001). By contrast, longer observed sleep-onset latencies were related to worse performance on the WLT delayed recall (B = -0.19 per SD increase, p = 0.027) and the WFT (B = -0.45 per SD increase, p = 0.007).
Disturbances of sleep and the 24-h activity rhythm were independently related to cognition; while persons with longer sleep-onset latencies had worse performance on memory and verbal tasks, persons with 24-h rhythm disturbances performed less on executive functioning and perceptual speed tasks.
认知功能会随着年龄、睡眠和昼夜节律而变化。我们调查了这些因素是否与中年和老年人中评估的不同认知领域独立相关。
在鹿特丹研究的1723名中年和老年人（年龄62±9.4岁，均值±标准差，SD）中，我们收集了平均138小时的活动记录仪记录。活动记录仪用于通过计算数天内节律的稳定性和节律的碎片化来量化24小时节律。还从活动记录仪估计了包括总睡眠时间、入睡潜伏期和睡眠中觉醒时间在内的睡眠参数。使用单词学习测试（WLT）、单词流畅性测试（WFT）、字母数字替换任务（LDST）和斯特鲁普颜色单词测试（Stroop）评估认知功能。
在完全调整后，24小时节律较不稳定的人在LDST（每标准差增加B = 0.42，p = 0.004）和斯特鲁普干扰试验（每标准差增加B = -1.04，p = 0.003）中的表现较差。同样，节律碎片化程度较高的人在LDST（每标准差增加B = -0.47，p = 0.002）和斯特鲁普测试（每标准差增加B = 1.47，p <0.001）中的表现较差。相比之下，观察到的入睡潜伏期较长与WLT延迟回忆（每标准差增加B = -0.19，p = 0.027）和WFT（每标准差增加B = -0.45，p = 0.007）中的较差表现相关。
睡眠和24小时活动节律的紊乱与认知独立相关；入睡潜伏期较长的人在记忆和语言任务中的表现较差，而24小时节律紊乱的人在执行功能和感知速度任务中的表现较差。
