微小RNA作为生物标志物与诊断手段
MicroRNA as Biomarkers and Diagnostics.
作者信息
Wang Jin, Chen Jinyun, Sen Subrata
机构信息
Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
Departments of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
出版信息
J Cell Physiol. 2016 Jan;231(1):25-30. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25056.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that are involved in regulating a range of developmental and physiological processes; their dysregulation has been associated with development of diseases including cancer. Circulating miRNAs and exosomal miRNAs have also been proposed as being useful in diagnostics as biomarkers for diseases and different types of cancer. In this review, miRNAs are discussed as biomarkers for cancer and other diseases, including viral infections, nervous system disorders, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes. We summarize some of the clinical evidence for the use of miRNAs as biomarkers in diagnostics and provide some general perspectives on their use in clinical situations. The analytical challenges in using miRNAs in cancer and disease diagnostics are evaluated and discussed. Validation of specific miRNA signatures as biomarkers is a critical milestone in diagnostics.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码RNA，参与调控一系列发育和生理过程；其失调与包括癌症在内的多种疾病的发生发展相关。循环miRNA和外泌体miRNA也被认为可作为疾病和不同类型癌症的生物标志物用于诊断。在本综述中，我们将讨论miRNA作为癌症和其他疾病（包括病毒感染、神经系统疾病、心血管疾病和糖尿病）的生物标志物。我们总结了一些将miRNA用作诊断生物标志物的临床证据，并就其在临床中的应用提供一些总体观点。评估并讨论了在癌症和疾病诊断中使用miRNA所面临的分析挑战。验证特定的miRNA特征作为生物标志物是诊断中的一个关键里程碑。
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