MERLin Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052 (Australia), Fax: (+61) 02-938-55966.
Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 (Denmark).
ChemSusChem. 2015 Sep 7;8(17):2789-825. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201500231. Epub 2015 Jun 1.
One of the limitations to the widespread use of hydrogen as an energy carrier is its storage in a safe and compact form. Herein, recent developments in effective high-capacity hydrogen storage materials are reviewed, with a special emphasis on light compounds, including those based on organic porous structures, boron, nitrogen, and aluminum. These elements and their related compounds hold the promise of high, reversible, and practical hydrogen storage capacity for mobile applications, including vehicles and portable power equipment, but also for the large scale and distributed storage of energy for stationary applications. Current understanding of the fundamental principles that govern the interaction of hydrogen with these light compounds is summarized, as well as basic strategies to meet practical targets of hydrogen uptake and release. The limitation of these strategies and current understanding is also discussed and new directions proposed.
将氢气作为能源载体广泛应用的一个限制因素是如何安全且紧凑地储存氢气。在此，我们综述了有效高容量储氢材料的最新进展，特别强调了轻质化合物，包括基于有机多孔结构、硼、氮和铝的化合物。这些元素及其相关化合物有望为移动应用（包括车辆和便携式电源设备）提供高可逆实用的储氢容量，也有望为固定应用（如大型分布式储能）提供能量。本文总结了当前对氢与这些轻质化合物相互作用的基本原理的理解，以及实现实际吸氢和放氢目标的基本策略。还讨论了这些策略的局限性和当前的认识，并提出了新的方向。
