Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesHellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athanasaki 1, 11526 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Sports Science and Wellness'Parthenope' University of Naples, Naples, ItalyFertility Techniques SSDUniversity Hospital 'S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d' Aragona', Salerno, ItalyUnit of Reproductive EndocrinologyFirst Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesHellenic Red Cross Hospital, Athanasaki 1, 11526 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery'Federico II' University of Naples, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Sports Science and Wellness'Parthenope' University of Naples, Naples, ItalyFertility Techniques SSDUniversity Hospital 'S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d' Aragona', Salerno, ItalyUnit of Reproductive EndocrinologyFirst Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Eur J Endocrinol. 2015 Nov;173(5):R153-63. doi: 10.1530/EJE-15-0275. Epub 2015 Jun 1.
The normal function of the female reproductive system is closely linked to energy homeostasis with the ultimate scope of fertility and human race perpetuation through the centuries. During a woman's lifetime there are normal events such as puberty, pregnancy and menopause which are related to alterations in energy homeostasis and gonadal steroids levels followed by increase of body fat and insulin resistance, important components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Pathological conditions such as premature adrenarche, polycystic ovary syndrome and gestational diabetes also present with shifts in gonadal steroid levels and reduced insulin sensitivity. The aim of this review is to discuss these conditions, both normal and pathological, analyzing the changes or abnormalities in ovarian function that coexist with metabolic abnormalities which resemble MetS in relationship with environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors.
女性生殖系统的正常功能与能量平衡密切相关，其最终目的是通过几个世纪的生育和人类繁衍来实现。在女性的一生中，会经历一些正常的事件，如青春期、怀孕和更年期，这些事件与能量平衡和性腺类固醇水平的变化有关，随后会出现体脂增加和胰岛素抵抗，这是代谢综合征（MetS）的重要组成部分。一些病理情况，如早熟性肾上腺皮质功能亢进、多囊卵巢综合征和妊娠期糖尿病，也会出现性腺类固醇水平的变化和胰岛素敏感性降低。本文旨在讨论这些正常和病理情况下的情况，分析与代谢异常相关的卵巢功能变化或异常，这些异常与环境、遗传和表观遗传因素有关，类似于 MetS。
