Tfwala Cinisani M, Mengistu Achamyeleh G, Ukoh Haka Imoh B, van Rensburg Leon D, Du Preez Chris C
Department of Soil, Crop & Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Department of Agricultural Research and Specialists Services, Ministry of Agriculture, P.O. Box 4, M204 Malkerns, Swaziland.
Heliyon. 2021 Feb 10;7(2):e06233. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06233. eCollection 2021 Feb.
Global diminishing water resources, especially due to climate change have serious impacts on evaporation (E) from the soil surface, transpiration (T) from plants (crops) and grain yield, which relates to water use efficiency of different crops. A study was conducted at Kenilworth over two wheat cropping seasons (2007 and 2008) with the objectives of: (i) evaluating the effect of soils and seasons on T, E and yield, and (ii) relating these parameters to transpiration efficiency coefficient. The treatments included two soil types and two soil surface treatments (bare and mulched), which were all replicated four times. Weekly irrigation was done using a surface drip system while maintaining the water table at a constant depth. Soil water content was monitored using a neutron probe. Neither soils nor seasons were found to significantly influence the partitioning of evapotranspiration (ET), and T varied from 74 to 76% of ET while E varied between 24 and 26%. Surface treatments caused significant differences in grain yield in both seasons. Reducing evaporative loss improves the water productivity of wheat, which has an important implication in dryland farming.
全球水资源的减少，尤其是由于气候变化导致的水资源减少，对土壤表面蒸发（E）、植物（作物）蒸腾（T）和粮食产量产生了严重影响，而这与不同作物的水分利用效率相关。在凯尼尔沃思进行了一项为期两个小麦种植季节（2007年和2008年）的研究，其目的是：（i）评估土壤和季节对T、E和产量的影响，以及（ii）将这些参数与蒸腾效率系数联系起来。处理包括两种土壤类型和两种土壤表面处理（裸露和覆盖），均重复四次。使用地表滴灌系统每周进行灌溉，同时将地下水位保持在恒定深度。使用中子探头监测土壤含水量。未发现土壤和季节对蒸散量（ET）的分配有显著影响，T占ET的74%至76%，而E在24%至26%之间变化。地表处理在两个季节均导致了谷物产量的显著差异。减少蒸发损失可提高小麦的水分生产率，这在旱地农业中具有重要意义。
