de la Paz Sanchez Maria, Aceves-García Pamela, Petrone Emilio, Steckenborn Stefan, Vega-León Rosario, Álvarez-Buylla Elena R, Garay-Arroyo Adriana, García-Ponce Berenice
Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 3er Circuito Ext Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
New Phytol. 2015 Nov;208(3):684-94. doi: 10.1111/nph.13486. Epub 2015 Jun 2.
Current advances indicate that epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in the regulatory networks involved in plant developmental responses to environmental conditions. Hence, understanding the role of such components becomes crucial to understanding the mechanisms underlying the plasticity and variability of plant traits, and thus the ecology and evolution of plant development. We now know that important components of phenotypic variation may result from heritable and reversible epigenetic mechanisms without genetic alterations. The epigenetic factors Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) are involved in developmental processes that respond to environmental signals, playing important roles in plant plasticity. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of TrxG and PcG functions in different developmental processes in response to internal and environmental cues and we also integrate the emerging evidence concerning their function in plant plasticity. Many such plastic responses rely on meristematic cell behavior, including stem cell niche maintenance, cellular reprogramming, flowering and dormancy as well as stress memory. This information will help to determine how to integrate the role of epigenetic regulation into models of gene regulatory networks, which have mostly included transcriptional interactions underlying various aspects of plant development and its plastic response to environmental conditions.
当前的研究进展表明，表观遗传机制在参与植物对环境条件发育响应的调控网络中发挥着重要作用。因此，了解这些成分的作用对于理解植物性状可塑性和变异性的潜在机制至关重要，进而对于理解植物发育的生态学和进化也至关重要。我们现在知道，表型变异的重要成分可能源于可遗传且可逆的表观遗传机制，而无需基因改变。表观遗传因子多梳蛋白家族（PcG）和三胸蛋白家族（TrxG）参与响应环境信号的发育过程，在植物可塑性中发挥重要作用。在本综述中，我们讨论了目前关于TrxG和PcG在响应内部和环境线索的不同发育过程中的功能的知识，并且我们还整合了有关它们在植物可塑性中功能的新证据。许多这样的可塑性反应依赖于分生组织细胞行为，包括干细胞龛的维持、细胞重编程、开花和休眠以及胁迫记忆。这些信息将有助于确定如何将表观遗传调控的作用整合到基因调控网络模型中，这些模型大多包括植物发育各个方面及其对环境条件的可塑性反应背后的转录相互作用。
