Chan Michael H, Boop Frederick, Qaddoumi Ibrahim
University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
Childs Nerv Syst. 2015 Aug;31(8):1227-37. doi: 10.1007/s00381-015-2771-x. Epub 2015 Jun 4.
As the morbidity and mortality associated with communicable diseases continue to decrease in the developing world, the medical burden of childhood cancer continues to expand. Although international aid and relief groups such as the World Health Organization recognize the importance of childhood cancer, their main emphasis is on the more easily treated malignancies, such as leukemias and lymphomas, and not pediatric brain tumors, which are the second most common malignancy in children and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the pediatric population. Addressing the needs of these children is a growing concern of several professional neuro-oncology-related societies. Thus, the goal of this review is to describe the current state of pediatric neuro-oncology care in the developing world, address the current and future needs of the field, and help guide professional societies' efforts to contribute in a more holistic and multidisciplinary manner.
We reviewed the literature to compare the availability of neuro-oncology care in various regions of the developing world with that in higher income nations, to describe examples of successful initiatives, and to present opportunities to improve care.
The current challenges, previous successes, and future opportunities to improve neuro-oncology care are presented. The multidisciplinary nature of neuro-oncology depends on large teams of highly specialized individuals, including neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists, radiologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, palliative care specialists, oncology nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, pediatric intensivists, and social workers, among others.
Pediatric neuro-oncology is one of the most complex types of medical care to deliver, as it relies on numerous specialists, subspecialists, support staff, and physical resources and infrastructure. However, with increasing collaboration and advancing technologies, developed nations can help substantially improve neuro-oncology care for children in developing nations.
随着发展中国家传染病相关的发病率和死亡率持续下降，儿童癌症的医疗负担却在不断扩大。尽管世界卫生组织等国际援助和救济组织认识到儿童癌症的重要性，但它们主要关注的是更容易治疗的恶性肿瘤，如白血病和淋巴瘤，而非小儿脑肿瘤，小儿脑肿瘤是儿童第二常见的恶性肿瘤，也是儿童癌症相关死亡的主要原因。满足这些儿童的需求日益成为多个专业神经肿瘤学相关学会关注的问题。因此，本综述的目的是描述发展中国家小儿神经肿瘤学护理的现状，探讨该领域当前和未来的需求，并帮助指导专业学会以更全面和多学科的方式做出贡献。
我们查阅了文献，以比较发展中国家不同地区与高收入国家神经肿瘤学护理的可及性，描述成功举措的实例，并提出改善护理的机会。
介绍了改善神经肿瘤学护理当前面临的挑战、以往的成功经验以及未来的机会。神经肿瘤学的多学科性质依赖于由高度专业化的人员组成的大型团队，包括神经肿瘤学家、神经外科医生、神经病学家、放射科医生、放射肿瘤学家、病理学家、姑息治疗专家、肿瘤护士、物理治疗师、职业治疗师、言语治疗师、儿科重症监护医生和社会工作者等。
小儿神经肿瘤学是最难提供的医疗护理类型之一，因为它依赖众多专科医生、亚专科医生、辅助人员以及物力资源和基础设施。然而，随着合作的增加和技术的进步，发达国家能够在很大程度上帮助改善发展中国家儿童的神经肿瘤学护理。
