Waghray Abhijeet, Murali Arvind R, Menon Kv Narayanan
Abhijeet Waghray, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, United States.
World J Hepatol. 2015 May 18;7(8):1020-9. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i8.1020.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most prevalent malignancy worldwide and is a rising cause of cancer related mortality. Risk factors for HCC are well documented and effective surveillance and early diagnosis allow for curative therapies. The majority of HCC appears to be caused by cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus. Preventive strategies include vaccination programs and anti-viral treatments. Surveillance with ultrasonography detects early stage disease and improves survival rates. Many treatment options exist for individuals with HCC and are determined by stage of presentation. Liver transplantation is offered to patients who are within the Milan criteria and are not candidates for hepatic resection. In patients with advanced stage disease, sorafenib shows some survival benefit.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球第六大常见恶性肿瘤，并且是癌症相关死亡率上升的一个原因。HCC的危险因素有充分记录，有效的监测和早期诊断有助于进行治愈性治疗。大多数HCC似乎由慢性乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎病毒引起的肝硬化所致。预防策略包括疫苗接种计划和抗病毒治疗。超声监测可检测早期疾病并提高生存率。对于HCC患者有多种治疗选择，具体取决于疾病的分期。符合米兰标准且不适合肝切除的患者可进行肝移植。对于晚期疾病患者，索拉非尼显示出一定的生存获益。
