Denning Gerene M, Jennissen Charles A
a Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , Iowa.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2016 May 18;17(4):406-12. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2015.1057280. Epub 2015 Jun 11.
All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are designed for off-highway use only, and many of their features create increased risk with roadway travel. Over half of all ATV-related fatalities occur on roadways, and nonfatal roadway crashes result in more serious injuries than those off the road. A number of jurisdictions have passed or have considered legislation allowing ATVs on public roadways, sometimes limiting them to those unpaved, arguing that they are safe for ATVs. However, no studies have determined the epidemiology of ATV-related fatalities on different road surface types. The objective of the study was to compare ATV-related deaths on paved versus unpaved roads and to contrast them with off-road fatalities.
Retrospective descriptive and multivariable analyses were performed using U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission fatality data from 1982 through 2012.
After 1998, ATV-related deaths increased at twice the rate on paved versus unpaved roads. Still, 42% of all roadway deaths during the study period occurred on unpaved surfaces. States varied considerably, ranging from 18% to 79% of their ATV-related roadway deaths occurring on unpaved roads. Paved road crashes were more likely than those on unpaved surfaces to involve males, adolescents and younger adults, passengers, and collisions with other vehicles. Both the pattern of other vehicles involved in collisions and which vehicle hit the other were different for the 2 road types. Alcohol use was higher, helmet use was lower, and head injuries were more likely in paved versus unpaved roadway crashes. However, head injuries still occurred in 76% of fatalities on unpaved roads. Helmets were associated with lower proportions of head injuries among riders, regardless of road surface type. Relative to off-road crashes, both paved and unpaved roads were more likely to involve collisions with another vehicle. The vast majority of roadway crashes, however, did not involve a traffic collision on either paved or unpaved roads.
Although differences were observed between paved and unpaved roads, our results show that riding on either represented significantly greater dangers than riding off the road. Many vehicle warnings specifically mention the risks of paved but not unpaved roads, yet we found 23 states with half or more of their roadway deaths on unpaved surfaces. Safety warnings should explicitly state the dangers of roadway riding regardless of surface type. These data further support laws/ordinances greatly restricting ATV riding on all types of public roadways.
全地形车（ATV）仅设计用于非公路使用，其许多特性会增加在道路行驶时的风险。超过半数与ATV相关的死亡事故发生在道路上，并且道路上的非致命碰撞事故导致的伤害比非道路事故更严重。一些司法管辖区已经通过或正在考虑立法允许ATV在公共道路上行驶，有时将其限制在未铺砌的道路上，声称这样对ATV是安全的。然而，尚无研究确定不同路面类型上与ATV相关死亡事故的流行病学情况。本研究的目的是比较在铺砌道路与未铺砌道路上与ATV相关的死亡情况，并将它们与非道路死亡情况进行对比。
使用美国消费品安全委员会1982年至2012年的死亡数据进行回顾性描述性分析和多变量分析。
1998年之后，与ATV相关的死亡在铺砌道路上的增长速度是未铺砌道路上的两倍。尽管如此，在研究期间，所有道路死亡事故中有42%发生在未铺砌路面上。各州情况差异很大，其与ATV相关的道路死亡事故中发生在未铺砌道路上的比例从18%到79%不等。与未铺砌路面的碰撞相比，铺砌道路上的碰撞更有可能涉及男性、青少年和年轻人、乘客以及与其他车辆的碰撞。两种道路类型在涉及碰撞的其他车辆模式以及哪辆车撞上另一辆车方面都有所不同。在铺砌道路上的碰撞事故中，酒精使用率更高，头盔使用率更低，头部受伤的可能性更大。然而，在未铺砌道路上的死亡事故中，仍有76%发生了头部受伤。无论路面类型如何，头盔使用与骑手头部受伤比例较低相关。相对于非道路碰撞事故，铺砌道路和未铺砌道路都更有可能涉及与另一辆车的碰撞。然而，绝大多数道路碰撞事故在铺砌道路或未铺砌道路上都不涉及交通碰撞。
尽管在铺砌道路和未铺砌道路之间观察到了差异，但我们的结果表明，在这两种道路上骑行所代表的危险都比在非道路上骑行大得多。许多车辆警告特别提到了铺砌道路的风险，但没有提及未铺砌道路的风险，然而我们发现有23个州，其道路死亡事故中有一半或更多发生在未铺砌路面上。安全警告应明确说明无论路面类型如何，在道路上骑行的危险。这些数据进一步支持了大幅限制在所有类型公共道路上骑行ATV的法律/条例。
